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- W2899669551 abstract "The impact of urban air quality on human health is of worldwide concern andresponsible for 40,000 early deaths in the U.K. alone. Industry’s relocation tosuburban areas, caused vehicle tailpipe emissions to become the largest airpollution contributor. Although new fuels, engine modifications, legislation andimproved urban planning, resulted in pollutant reductions, air quality remainsa concern. To that end, resuspended road dust (RD) has been identified asone of the largest contributors to urban airborne particulate matter (PM).This study focused on potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in RD (specificallyCr, Cu, Fe and Pb) to investigate their health hazards associated with chronicexposure to urban RD. The study required seasonal collections of RD from anurban site in Manchester, U.K. over a two-year period. Total Cr, Cu, Fe andPb concentrations in the fine fractions (<125 μm) were determined for eachsample and indicated enrichment of PHEs in the smaller particles. In addition,this study reports for the first time on the seasonal and size fraction variationsof the structural and chemical nature of individual RD particles, as determinedby sequential analysis using computer controlled scanning electronmicroscopy with energy dispersive x-ray detection (CC-SEM-EDX) and microRaman spectroscopy. Furthermore, investigation of the similarities of the <38μm fraction with the <10 μm fraction, indicated that it could be used as a proxy,thereby contributing to new knowledge. To assess human risk on exposure, invitro data were used to inform the seasonal and particle size variance of the bioaccessibility via the respiratory and gastrointestinal routes. Finally, thestudy featured a risk assessment of the metal exposure using a version of theEPA risk assessment protocol adapted in this for use with RD, which featuresas a timely contribution to the field.The study highlighted the enrichment of PHEs in finer fractions of RD,seasonal speciation of metals in different size fractions and individual particles,and behaviour of RD in simulated biological fluids. However, the hypothesisand overarching theme concerning the effect particle chemical structure hason potential human health effects proved harder to elucidate, illustrating theincredibly complex nature of this field of study. Accordingly, a final chapterfeaturing a comparative case study of Hg enrichment and bioaccessibility inRD from three international sites showed the relevance of this hypothesis." @default.
- W2899669551 created "2018-11-16" @default.
- W2899669551 creator A5007919061 @default.
- W2899669551 date "2018-01-01" @default.
- W2899669551 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2899669551 title "The influence of site, bulk metal composition and individual particle structure on bioaccessibility of road dust" @default.
- W2899669551 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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