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• W289969959 abstract "The Russian National Unity group (Russkoe natsional'noe edinstvo, or RNE) is largest of the unequivocally fascist organizations in Russia today,(1) and as journalist Petr Akopov has observed, [T]he basic mass of the adherents of the RNE are in the power [ministry] structures and among the youth, persons living, above all, in the Russian provinces.(2) In this article I focus on the relationship of the RNE to both active and former members of the Russian power ministries, from February 1994--when the members of the organization, like other participants in the October 1993 anti-Yeltsin uprising, were amnestied by the Russian State Duma--through the Match 2000 Russian presidential elections. Alexander Barkashov, the self-styled fuhrer of the RNE, is a political leader who has consistently benefited from close ties to the Russian military and police. In an interview published in early 1995, he said, We [the RNE] see ourselves as an active reserve for the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.(3) Born in 1953, Barkashov served in the Russian military from 1972 to 1974. Although sources differ as to where precisely he did his service, it is known that he volunteered to go to Egypt to participate in a planned Soviet military effort to assist Egypt during the Egyptian-Israeli war of 1973; the rapid end of the war rendered Soviet aid unnecessary. The virulent anti-Semitism that Barkashov imbibed from a great-uncle (dvoyurodnyi ded) who was an instructor in the Communist Party Central Committee during Stalin's anti-cosmopolitan campaign may have been a factor behind his decision to volunteer.(4) Following his demobilization from the army, Barkashov remained in the military reserves, with the title lance-corporal in the reserves (instructor in hand-to-hand combat).(5) He also reportedly served as a trainer for Soviet military forces being sent to Afghanistan.(6) In 1985, reacting to the political ferment being generated in the USSR by the policies of the new Communist Party general secretary, Mikhail Gorbachev, Barkashov, who like his father before him had found employment as an electrician-fitter, joined the Russian nationalist informal organization Pamyat', headed by photographer Dmitry Vasil'ev. Within a year he had been elected to that body's Central Council. By 1989, he was second only to Vasil'ev, in effective control of crucial aspects of the organization's activity: security, combat training, and ideological and sports work with youth.(7) A well-informed member of Gorbachev's Politburo, Alexander Yakovlev, has revealed that this organization was eventually de facto taken over by the KGB. Yakovlev recalled, Pamyat' was at the beginning an organization with very noble goals. It consisted of restorers and history enthusiasts who were engaged in preserving monuments of antiquity. Then the KGB inserted its man there--the photographer Dmitrii Vasil'ev, together with his comrades. The organization engaged in politics--the struggle with Zionism. The restorers left Pamyat', and the KGB allotted Vasil'ev a new apartment as his headquarters.(8) When asked by a reporter why the KGB all this, Yakovlev explained: It was the 1980's, there was the dissident [movement]. A vent was needed to release the pent-up steam of dissidence from society. They [the KGB] selected a goal: Zionism, the culprit for all the misfortunes of the Soviet people. And they selected an executor, Pamyat'. It was intended to show the people its enemy. Later ever more extreme Nazi organizations began to detach themselves from Pamyat'. In this way the KGB organizationally gave birth to Russian fascism.(9) It seems clear that Barkashov's high-profile role within Pamyat' could only have occurred with the approval and the logistical support of the KGB. As the weekly Ogonek noted in early 1995, there have been persistent reports that Barkashov immediately after [his time in] the army formed ties with the Fifth Directorate of the KGB. …" @default.
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• W289969959 date "2001-01-01" @default.
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• W289969959 title "Barkashov and the Russian Power Ministries, 1994-2000" @default.
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