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• W290160946 abstract "EDITORIAL Since the early 1980s, persons with vision impairments have witnessed the birth of a new generation of information access. Gone forever are the days of waiting weeks and months for audio tapes and Braille books to be manually transcribed. This long awaited change in our capability came in the form of the personal computer and adaptive technology merged with the online world. Assistive systems like speech synthesizers, Braille embossers, and screen magnification software have allowed the blind community to independently access stored online information on demand. So far, the online world has greatly expanded information access. But in the future, we may lose the high degree of access we have come to depend upon. Future technical developments on the Information Superhighway and the Internet may pose grave dangers to the current level of information access. We shall discuss some of these potential problems and some solutions in the next paragraphs. Currently, individuals with vision impairments using adapted personal computers can employ the Internet to perform many functions: sending and receiving electronic mail, transferring text and other files, accessing document archives, searching databases, reading newsgroups and mailing lists, even live chatting and social interaction. Clearly, the Internet is a powerful tool, one that we would not want to lose under any circumstances. The problem is fairly simple. As a whole, the computer industry is moving towards the graphical user interface. Following this trend, the online world is also going graphical, with many services building new graphical user interfaces even as these words are being written. The new graphical online services and Internet tools may effectively close the door on information access if bold steps are not taken immediately. This is not to say that the graphical user interface should be banned or disallowed. We merely require a graphical user interface that can be used effectively and reliably with adaptive equipment. Currently, the bulk of adaptive technology is compatible with text-based interfaces, although there are a few emerging graphics-based access technologies. Although the various adaptive vendors have performed a heroic feat with the creation of several graphics-based screen reading programs, these programs are not yet as reliable as their text-based counterparts. the current generation of graphics-based screen readers does not always reliably read all information. Moreover, these screen readers do not always reliably track the mouse as it is moved around the screen, causing the blind user to become lost in a myriad tangle of information. This problem could easily be solved if mainstream software companies and online access providers cooperated with screen reader manufacturers in the design stages of their graphical applications. The storage of online documents and other data as graphics images, not text, presents another potential barrier for blind computer users. Current adaptive systems rely on ASCII-based text to perform reading functions. Documents stored as graphics images cannot be read by current adaptive hardware and software, and are thus inaccessible to blind users. This could prove to be a very difficult problem for people who are blind as graphics-based documents are expected to be in widespread use in everything from office correspondence to graphical electronic mail systems. This problem could easily be solved if a document standard across platforms could be developed. Interactive video systems distributed on the Internet also pose serious problems of access for persons who are blind and visually impaired, unless alternative display methods are enacted. These systems include, but are not limited to, document delivery systems, electronic shopping, online encyclopedias and magazines, even games. Again, we could solve these problems if only the mainstream vendors would cooperate with the adaptive vendor and user community in the design stages of their products. …" @default.
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