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• W2903598215 abstract "Control of Phytophthora megakarya, the causal agent of cocoa black pod in Cameroon is commonly obtained by fungicide spraying of either copper compounds or a mixture of metalaxyl-M with copper compounds. Research on biocontrol of P. megakarya has identified an isolate of Trichoderma asperellum, PR11 as a promising biocontrol agent (BCA) of P. megakarya. The objective of this study was to test rational pesticide and integrated control approaches using fungicide and fungicide-BCA combinations. Field trials were carried out over a period of two years (2007-08). Two trial sites were selected for both years. At each site a randomized complete block design was used with three replicate plots per treatment. Plots were sprayed in three-week intervals using motorized mistblowers. Treatments were i) control (water only), ii) T. asperellum PR11 formulated with starch, iii) T. asperellum followed by copper hydroxide (Kocide), and iv) Ridomil gold, a mixture of metalaxyl-M and cuprous-oxide, followed by Kocide. The second year a fifth treatment was added, v) Banko plus (Chlorothalonil with Carbendazim) followed by Kocide, whereas the Kocide/Ridomil treatment was changed to a Ridomil only treatment and the Kocide-T. asperellum treatment was changed to T. asperellum formulated with clay. The number of rotten and ripe pods was recorded weekly. There were marked and significant differences between sites (P<0.0001) but not between years with regard to total percentage pod rot. Overall, the Ridomil only and the Ridomil-Kocide treatments were significantly (P<0.0001) better than all other treatments except the PR11-Kocide treatment which was similar to the Ridomil-Kocide treatment. Reductions in pod rot compared with the absolute control were between 24 and 73% for the Ridomil only and between 15 and 68% for the Ridomil-Kocide treatments. Depending on the site, PR11 was able to reduce percentage pod rot between 13 and 34% whereas the combination of PR11 and Kocide reduced pod rot by 48% in one instant. This study demonstrates the potential for integrated control using fungicide and fungicide-BCA combinations. Such integrated approaches can reduce the amount of fungicide applied (thus reducing costs) and may help to mitigate the risk of fungicide resistance - especially since metalaxyl is currently so widely used for the control of P. megakarya. (Texte integral)" @default.
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• W2903598215 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2903598215 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2903598215 title "Integrated control of Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon" @default.
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