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• W2903722293 abstract "Did you know that “pedology” means both the study of soil development and the study of children's development? So perhaps it was only a matter of time before these disciplines got together. On 16–17 October, soil scientists and public health researchers met at the Conference on Connections between Soil Health and Human Health. The conference was organized by the Soil Health Institute and drew nearly 200 participants from academia, industry, government, and the non-profit sector. For more than two days, 41 experts talked about subjects from the microbiome on farmland to urban soil contamination, all with an eye on public, and especially children's, health. Consensus came early in the conference that there is scant science suggesting that healthier soils produce more nutritious crops. CSSA and ASA member Michael Grusak, USDA-ARS, cited the dearth of research on connections between mineral content of soil and its availability to humans via eating vegetables, and though he referenced ARS research that demonstrated an increase in the calcium content of broccoli, he noted that the increase was limited to 1.5 times a single day's daily value spread over the course of a whole year. However, the relevance of soil health to human health is not limited to nutrition. Howard Mielke, professor at Tulane University School of Medicine, gave a keynote on the costs of lead contamination to urban populations, pointing to somber correlations with brain size and assault rates. Mielke emphasized how a lack of information on how lead travels through the environment, specifically through water and soil, hampers public health. Similarly, SSSA member Nicholas Basta, professor at Ohio State, highlighted that people are not aware that soil characteristics and agronomic practices can decrease heavy metal absorption by children. This knowledge gap leads many urban residents to fear their soils and the produce that grows there. SSSA, CSSA, and ASA member Steven Shafer, the Interim Chief Scientific Officer of the Soil Health Institute and conference co-organizer, said that most experts he contacted to make presentations at the conference first said, “I don't know anything about that!” Nevertheless, individual speakers were indeed experts about specific aspects of the overall issue, and together they painted a picture of how research that combines perspectives from the soil and human health communities could lead to breakthroughs in both fields. Daniel George, professor at Penn State University College of Medicine, focused on how healthy soils and local produce help hospital patients “especially in young cancer survivors, whose microbiomes are decimated,” he said. After hearing from other panelists, he remarked that he had not even thought of testing the soil in the hospital's community garden, built on an old construction site. “My eyes have been opened!” he said, before commenting that now he wants to test the microbiomes of the produce sold at the hospital's farmer's market. Perhaps the most compelling example of a possible soil–human health connection came from USDA-ARS microbiologist Thomas Ducey, an SSSA and ASA member. When Ducey moved to South Carolina, he took note of the well-known fact that people living in a swath of the South have a significantly higher risk of stroke than elsewhere in the country. While there are known risk factors associated with strokes, there is a level of excess risk there that cannot be attributed to known causes. In particular, those who live there as children, regardless of where they go later, carry this increased risk for the rest of their lives. Considering soil ingestion and inhalation in young children is significantly more common than in adults, Ducey wondered if there might be a link between soils and early life exposure. Recent soil microbial studies in the UK, where there are also regions of higher stroke risk, correlate this stroke risk with soil microbes endemic to wetter, more acidic soils. Might there be a soil microbiome explanation in the U.S.? Such interdisciplinary research could lead to breakthroughs in both stroke research and soil health. Public health researchers and advocates left the conference saying their minds had been opened to the possibilities of incorporating soil science in their work, but soil and agricultural professionals outnumbered medical professionals at this conference. Why? Soil is simply not on their radar. Lynn Burgess, professor from Dickinson State University, pointed out that air and water quality are widely discussed topics at health conferences, but soil health is not. Those in the medical professions who did attend agreed that the potential connections are fascinating and worthy of further research that could arise from new partnerships in the soil health and human health sciences. This conference was one step towards integrating these interests in the soil and medical communities. The onus is now on us to send a clear and consistent message that soil and human health research collaborations are a priority. The Societies can host smaller meetings between soil scientists and public health researchers that could further refine research questions. At last month's The ASA and CSSA Annual Meeting in Baltimore, a symposium was held titled, “Healthy Soils, Healthy Plants, Healthy People” (see https://bit.ly/2zS5tku). How might we engage a complementary symposium to take place at the American Medical Association? Soil health and human health meet at the intersection of society's biggest threats—climate change, population growth, food insecurity, and more. These scientific intersections are too big to ignore. For more information on the conference and about the Soil Health Institute, please visit https://soilhealthinstitute.org/humanhealthconference. A. Wade, Ph.D. student in Environment at Duke University; and E. Stulberg, Ph.D., Science Policy Manager for ASA, CSSA, and SSSA" @default.
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• W2903722293 title "Connections between Soil and Human Health" @default.
• W2903722293 doi "https://doi.org/10.2134/csa2018.63.1217" @default.
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