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- W2903856072 abstract "Disturbed dreaming has been identified as a common primary or secondary symptom in several medical conditions, in addition to idiopathic nightmares and sleep–wake transition disorders. In these medical conditions, dream disturbances vary along a continuum of dream experience intensity. At the lower extreme of this continuum, dream recall ceases entirely (global cessation of dreaming) or is unusually impoverished in quantity or content (dream impoverishment). Impoverishment affects patients with alexithymia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and some brain syndromes. At the higher extreme, dreaming is uncharacteristically excessive, vivid, and emotional (excessive dreaming). Excessive dreaming occurs in patients with epic dreaming, some brain lesions, and withdrawal from some medications. Dreaming may become so intense that it is confused with reality (dream–reality confusion), as is the case with the existential dreams of bereavement, with postpartum infant peril dreams, with intensive care unit delirium dreams, with dreams resulting from limbic lobe damage, and with psychotic dream-related aggression. Intense dreaming may also become rigidly stereotyped in structure (dream stereotypy). Conditions such as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) with or without parkinsonism, epilepsy, PTSD reexperiencing dreams, migraine dreams, and prodromal cardiac dreams are affected by dream stereotypy. In many cases, dream disturbances appear to be aberrations of otherwise normal dream qualities, such as intensification, reality-mimesis, or recurrence. Often, sleep fragmentation is implicated in the disturbance, but causal relationships are not yet clear. Although it is primarily REM sleep that is involved, some disturbances are also seen in disorders affecting non-REM sleep. Effective treatments are available for many common disturbances, and other treatments are under development. In addition to the common dream disturbances of idiopathic nightmares and sleep–wake transition disorders (see Chapter 77), disturbed dreaming has been identified as a common primary or secondary symptom in several other medical conditions (Table 78–1). These disturbances can be organized conveniently along a continuum of varying vividness or intensity of the dream experience. At the lower extreme of this continuum, dream recall ceases entirely or is unusually impoverished in quantity or content. At the higher extreme, it is uncharacteristically excessive, vivid, and emotional, frequently confused with reality or rigidly stereotyped in structure. GLOBAL CESSATION OF DREAMING Changes in the recall of dreams and in their global characteristics as a function of neurologic illness have been appreciated ever since Charcot1 reported on a patient with complete loss of visual imagery, including loss of visual dreaming. About a third of patients with neurologic illness queried about global cessation of dreaming (GCD) report having ceased dreaming altogether.2 Parietal lobe involvement is a significant aid to differentiating between patients with and without GCD, as 42% of GCD patients have parietal lesions and an additional 7% have lesions in close proximity to parietal lobe (periparietal). Parietal involvement confirms findings from a previous study.3 The finding of frontal lobe lesions characterizing some patients (8%) with GCD2 is consistent with the reduced dream recall seen after frontal lobotomy among schizophrenic patients4 but not with results from another study.3 The 43% of GCD cases not linked to parietal or frontal lesions have diffuse and nonlocalizable lesions.2 The findings of relatively intact dreaming after right hemispherectomy5 but extremely impoverished recall after left hemispherectomy6 support a left-hemisphere lateralization explanation of GCD. Neuropsychological reviews7,8 also favor a predominant role for left hemisphere processes in dream generation more generally. DREAM IMPOVERISHMENT Dream impoverishment is a chronic attenuation, but not a total cessation, in the recall, length, vividness, emotionality, or narrative complexity of dream imagery. Impoverished dreaming has been documented above all among psychosomatic patients, particularly those with alexithymia, patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (who also have a high incidence of comorbid alexithymia9), and some types of brain syndrome. Impoverished Dreaming" @default.
- W2903856072 created "2018-12-22" @default.
- W2903856072 creator A5009418118 @default.
- W2903856072 date "2005-01-01" @default.
- W2903856072 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W2903856072 title "Disturbed Dreaming in Medical Conditions" @default.
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- W2903856072 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-72-160797-7/50085-9" @default.
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