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- W2904230974 abstract "In cancer, mutations in noncoding distal regulatory elements and aberrant chromatin remodeling can alter the chromatin interaction landscape, resulting in the dysregulation of gene expression. Chromatin interactions and regulatory elements can potentially serve as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for epigenetically driven cancers. Chromatin interaction analysis can guide the selection of regulatory elements for genetic and epigenetic editing, as well as identify potential off-target effects. General inhibitors of transcription preferentially target cancer addiction to oncogenes driven by super-enhancers, but their effects on chromatin interactions in off-target normal cells remain to be elucidated. The mechanisms of chromatin interaction formation need to be better understood to translate epigenetic therapies to the clinic safely and effectively. Chromatin interactions regulate gene expression by bringing distal regulatory elements, such as super-enhancers, to promoters in close spatial proximity. It has been recognized that in cancer, chromatin interactions can be dysregulated, leading to aberrant oncogene expression. Chromatin interactions may potentially serve as biomarkers, or be modulated via CRISPR therapy and small molecule inhibitors against transcription. However, these methods face challenges that must be resolved and raise questions for further research. Understanding chromatin interactions is essential for safety aspects of anticancer therapies, such as the mechanism of action of epigenetic regulators and transcription factors in cancer, and potential off-target effects arising from targeting super-enhancers and promoters. In this review article, we discuss how chromatin interactions and regulatory elements may become dysregulated in cancer, potential methods to target them for clinical therapy, and outline outstanding questions that require addressing before epigenetic therapies can translate to the clinic safely and effectively. Chromatin interactions regulate gene expression by bringing distal regulatory elements, such as super-enhancers, to promoters in close spatial proximity. It has been recognized that in cancer, chromatin interactions can be dysregulated, leading to aberrant oncogene expression. Chromatin interactions may potentially serve as biomarkers, or be modulated via CRISPR therapy and small molecule inhibitors against transcription. However, these methods face challenges that must be resolved and raise questions for further research. Understanding chromatin interactions is essential for safety aspects of anticancer therapies, such as the mechanism of action of epigenetic regulators and transcription factors in cancer, and potential off-target effects arising from targeting super-enhancers and promoters. In this review article, we discuss how chromatin interactions and regulatory elements may become dysregulated in cancer, potential methods to target them for clinical therapy, and outline outstanding questions that require addressing before epigenetic therapies can translate to the clinic safely and effectively. the physical interaction between two or more genetic loci in the genome. clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) can bind to DNA sequences determined by single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) through complementary base pairing. distal regulatory region that interacts with gene promoters via long-range chromatin interactions to recruit transcription factors and chromatin remodelers to activate transcription. a category of potentially heritable features that regulates gene expression without involving changes to the DNA sequences. These features include chromatin interactions, histone modifications (such as acetylation and methylation of lysine residues), DNA methylation, nucleosome positioning, and RNA signaling. studies that identify genetic variants, such as SNPs, that occur at higher frequencies in a particular disease compared to the normal population. genomic regions binding proteins that function as barriers to constrain enhancer–promoter interactions. RNA transcripts longer than 200 bases that do not have protein coding function. the localized concentration and interaction between certain cellular components form droplets of higher density that separate from the liquid environment surrounding it, akin to how oil separates from water. proximal regulatory regions upstream of gene transcription start sites that contain binding sites for RNA polymerases and other transcription factors. a distal regulatory region, bound by repressive transcription factors, that represses gene transcription via long-range chromatin interactions to promoters. compartmentalized DNA regions formed via insulator chromatin interactions. TADs show higher intra-region gene interactions and reduced chromatin interactions between two different regions." @default.
- W2904230974 created "2018-12-22" @default.
- W2904230974 creator A5025798085 @default.
- W2904230974 creator A5060729309 @default.
- W2904230974 creator A5087492673 @default.
- W2904230974 date "2019-02-01" @default.
- W2904230974 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2904230974 title "Chromatin Interactions and Regulatory Elements in Cancer: From Bench to Bedside" @default.
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