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- W290437118 abstract "INTRODUCTION Since 1989, more than 500,000 youths per year have been admitted to secure juvenile detention facilities in the United States (Schwartz and Van Vleet, 1993). As the front-door to the juvenile justice system, detention plays a critical role in shaping subsequent responses to youth by juvenile justice decision-makers (Frazier and Cochran, 1986). In addition, those observing conditions of confinement in juvenile detention facilities have warned for some time about the potential for direct harm to youthful detainees resulting from physical abuse, sexual exploitation, and psychological torment (Sarri, 1974; Feld, 1977; Lotz et al., 1985; Frazier, 1989:157). Despite its importance, however, the detention environment remains a closet (Schwartz et al., 1987; Saleeby, 1975) generally unexplored by researchers and hidden from public scrutiny. The extent of harm likely to result from the detention experience probably varies considerably depending on the type of facility in which the youth is detained, the structure and condition in those facilities, and the training, sophistication, and resources of staff' (Frazier, 1989:158). An important aspect of the detention environment (and an important determinant of the extent of physical and emotional harm experienced by detained youth) is the nature of interaction with those professionals responsible for their case and custody. Since these workers are in close contact in relatively confined settings with youth in detention who might be viewed as disruptive, the potential for physical and psychological abuse is significant. Assuming that there is some consistency between attitudes and behavior in such secure settings Whitehead and Lindquist, 1989), it is important to develop a better understanding of how these front-line juvenile justice workers view their job and the youth in their care and custody. Yet, while a number of researchers have examined the attitudes and inmate orientations of adult correctional officers (e.g., Cullen et al, 1983; Melvin et al., 1985), the values, work motivations, and professional orientations of detention workers have received little attention. This study attempts to address such attitude and value issues by analyzing survey data gathered from detention care workers (DCWs) in two metropolitan detention centers in a southeastern state. Specifically, the study will (1) describe the attitudes of DCWs towards juvenile detainees in terms of both punitive and treatment orientation and (2) explain the job involvement of DCWs as a function of these different attitudes towards detainees and other personal and job factors. LITERATURE REVIEW PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF DETENTION CARE WORKERS In the professional history of juvenile justice, detention care work is widely viewed as an entry-level position and detention we workers remain among the lowest paid social workers in most states (Johnson, 1993). At the same time, however, the relatively hidden nature of the detention environment has meant that these workers are afforded substantial discretion in their interaction with detainees (Frazier, 1989). Although classified in many states by such titles as Child Care Worker I, the job role of DCWs actually combines elements of youth service responsibilities with expectations for correctional officers in adult prisons or jails (e.g., Dembo and Dertke, 1986; Poole and Pogrebin, 1988). Thus, DCWs may experience ambivalence about their role as juvenile justice professionals as day-to-day realities of the job bring concerns about custody and security, including personal safety, to the forefront (Dembo and Dertke, 1986; Hepburn, 1987). The ambivalence may lead DCWs to develop one of two primary outlooks or orientations toward juvenile detainees. First, DCWs may develop a view of their role more or less as one of service provider or youth counselor whose primary function is to begin the treatment process with youth during their stay in detention. …" @default.
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- W290437118 title "Professional Orientation and Job Involvement among Detention Case Workers" @default.
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