FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2904657282> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2904657282 endingPage "162" @default.
• W2904657282 startingPage "159" @default.
• W2904657282 abstract "The development of the speciality of anaesthesia since the Second World War has been greatly enhanced by the significant contributions of expert scientists working in academic departments of anaesthesia. Of these, the contribution of William W Mapleson DSc, F Inst P, FRCA (1926–2018; Fig. 1) must be amongst the longest and most outstanding. His prolific anaesthetic output, spanning more than 50 yr, began when he was appointed by Professor WW Mushin as a research assistant to the academic department of anaesthesia in the University of Cardiff in 1952. Mapleson had previously done his first degree and his PhD thesis in physics at the University of Durham. At that time, Mushin was searching for an alternative non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drug to d-tubocurarine, so it is not surprising that some of Mapleson's earliest anaesthetic publications in the British Journal of Anaesthesia (BJA) were on neuromuscular function. The two authors first described in correspondence the creation of a dose-response curve demonstrating the potentiation by diethyl ether of neuromuscular block induced by gallamine triethiodide from stimulation of the ulnar nerve in a volunteer.1Mapleson W.W. Mushin W.M. Stimulation of the ulnar nerve in man.Br J Anaesth. 1956; 28: 46-47Abstract Full Text PDF Scopus (1) Google Scholar They also described volunteer studies of dipyrandium chloride (MB 9105A), the first steroidal non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent to be investigated in man, which had such markedly unpredictable and sympathomimetic effects that it never reached clinical practice.2Mushin W.M. Mapleson W.W. Relaxant action in man of dipyrandium chloride (MB 9105A) (A steroid bis-quaternary ammonium salt).Br J Anaesth. 1964; 36: 761-768Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar These reports of young Mapleson's earliest anaesthetic research in the BJA were to be followed over the ensuing 50 yr by more than 100 research papers in this journal, many of which are still frequently quoted. Without doubt, Mapleson will be remembered primarily for his early, sole author paper on the elimination of rebreathing in five semi-closed anaesthetic systems. The paper, published in the BJA in 1954,3Mapleson W.W. The elimination of rebreathing in various semi-closed anaesthetic systems.Br J Anaesth. 1954; 26: 323-332Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (149) Google Scholar was fifth in the top 50 Citation Classics of the BJA4Hall G.M. BJA citation classics 1945-1992.Br J Anaesth. 1998; 80: 4-6Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (36) Google Scholar when the journal was celebrating its 75th birthday in 1998.5Mapleson W.W. The elimination of rebreathing in various semi-closed anaesthetic systems.Br J Anaesth. 1998; 80: 265-269Abstract Full Text PDF Scopus (2) Google Scholar This publication by Mapleson has secured his name in anaesthetic history for the enduring nomenclature of Mapleson circuits A, B, C, D and E. To date, this classic paper has received 296 citations (https://scholar.google.com – accessed 29 November 2018) in peer reviewed journals, and it continues to be referenced regularly. It may have been cited even more frequently had it not become engrained as core teaching, no longer requiring citation beyond its epithet. Mapleson himself reviewed the original BJA paper in an editorial in 2004 on the 50th anniversary of the original publication.6Mapleson W.W. Editorial 1: Fifty years after – reflections on “The elimination of rebreathing in various semi-closed anaesthetic systems”.Br J Anaesth. 2004; 93: 319-321Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar He made light of the original study saying Mushin had asked him to analyse the conditions required to eliminate rebreathing in five systems. He had regarded the work as a minor aside whilst awaiting volunteers for another muscle relaxant study. Using just pen and paper and in his own inimitable style, he worked things out from first principles. This style was to remain apparent throughout his academic life both in the written word and in lecture presentations. The editorial makes interesting reading for it reflects the man's assiduous approach to his research in a truly humble manner. He took his work extremely seriously, at all times wishing to avoid any patient harm. He stressed in this editorial the limitations of his original report: that it applied only to spontaneous respiration and did not study the waveform of respiratory flow. Sykes was to detail these limitations,7Sykes M.K. Rebreathing during controlled respiration with the Magill attachment.Br J Anaesth. 1959; 31: 247-256Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar and hence Mapleson went on to extensively study the systems in patients undergoing controlled ventilation8Waters D.J. Mapleson W.W. Rebreathing during controlled respiration with various semiclosed anaesthetic systems.Br J Anaesth. 1961; 33: 374-381Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar (43 citations; all citation figures from Web of Science®, https://clarivate.com/products/web-of-science/ – accessed 29 November 2018). Although some rebreathing occurred during artificial ventilation at a minute ventilation of 8 L min−1, end-expired carbon dioxide concentrations were satisfactory at around 5%. This work marked the beginning of Mapleson's career-long interest in all aspects of respiration during general anaesthesia, be it physiological, pharmacological or related to anaesthetic equipment. Sykes was to comment formally on the original paper to accompany re-publication of the Citation Classic in 1998.9Sykes M.K. Commentary Mapleson W.W. The elimination of rebreathing in various semiclosed anaesthetic systems.Br J Anaesth. 1954; 26 (Br J Anaesth 1998; 80: 263–64.): 323-332Google Scholar At the end of a detailed historical explanation of the importance of the Mapleson A circuit, Sykes acknowledged Mapleson's “selfless devotion to anaesthesia”.9Sykes M.K. Commentary Mapleson W.W. The elimination of rebreathing in various semiclosed anaesthetic systems.Br J Anaesth. 1954; 26 (Br J Anaesth 1998; 80: 263–64.): 323-332Google Scholar Mapleson's interest in the pharmacological aspects of breathing under general anaesthesia was wide-ranging. He showed great interest in the use of accurate values for minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) describing useful age-related MAC charts for isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane in 2003 (137 citations).10Nickalls R.W.D. Mapleson W.W. Age-related iso-MAC charts for isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane in man.Br J Anaesth. 2003; 91: 170-174Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (255) Google Scholar Age was shown to determine the required end-tidal concentrations of inhalational agent and allowed a total MAC to be maintained even with a changing inspired nitrous oxide concentration. He also undertook a meta-analysis of the effect of age on MAC in humans.11Mapleson W.W. Effect of age on MAC in humans: a meta-analysis.Br J Anaesth. 1996; 76: 179-185Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (282) Google Scholar This showed that MAC decreased with increasing age at the same rate for all inhalational agents: about 6% per decade (199 citations). His interest in the uptake and distribution of nitrous oxide,12Mapleson W.W. Smith W.D.A. Siebold K. Hargreaves M.D. Clarke G.M. Nitrous oxide anaesthesia at atmospheric and hyperbaric pressures; Part II: comparison of measured and theoretical pharmacokinetic data.Br J Anaesth. 1974; 46: 13-28Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar and of potent inhalational agents beginning with halothane (40 citations),13Mapleson W.W. The rate of uptake of halothane vapour in man.Br J Anaesth. 1962; 34: 11-18Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (8) Google Scholar, 14Couto Da Silva J.M. Mapleson W.W. Vickers M.D. Quantitative study of Lowe’s square-root-of-time method of closed-system anaesthesia.Br J Anaesth. 1997; 79: 103-112Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (12) Google Scholar produced many publications often using mathematical models to predict organ perfusion. He created circulation-time models of inhalational agent uptake and provided the data to support them (98 citations).15Mapleson W.W. Circulation time models of uptake of inhaled anaesthetics and data for quantifying them.Br J Anaesth. 1973; 45: 319-334Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (66) Google Scholar He later extended this interest to the uptake and distribution of intravenous anaesthetic agents and analgesics, having developed and adapted the Mapleson Model P, which was originally designed for inhaled anaesthetics.16Davis N.R. Mapleson W.W. A physiological model for the distribution of injected agents, with special reference to pethidine.Br J Anaesth. 1993; 70: 248-258Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (36) Google Scholar In 1973, he studied the solubility coefficients of the 18 inhalational agents then available in 30 different biological media such as blood, brain, kidney and liver with laborious attention to detail. The paper has been very highly cited, given the importance of such meticulous and comprehensive effort to in vitro studies of anaesthetic actions (273 citations).17Steward A. Allott P.R. Cowles A.L. Mapleson W.W. Solubility coefficients for inhaled anaesthetics for water, oil and biological media.Br J Anaesth. 1973; 45: 282-293Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar Mapleson had extensive knowledge of the functioning of many types of artificial ventilator, both for use in the operating room and in the intensive care unit. He edited a Postgraduate Issue of the BJA in 1989 with Smith and Sykes on high frequency ventilation.18Mapleson W.W. Smith G. Sykes M.K. High-frequency ventilation.Br J Anaesth. 1989; 63: S1-S2Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar He was particularly interested in the work of breathing during intermittent mandatory ventilation (22 citations),19Mecklenburgh J.S. Latto I.P. Al-Obaidi T.A.A. Swai E.A. Mapleson W.W. Excessive work of breathing during intermittent mandatory ventilation.Br J Anaesth. 1986; 58: 1048-1054Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (15) Google Scholar stressing that such effort was comparable with that required during spontaneous respiration through other systems. He also studied many aspects of the theoretical problems associated with artificial ventilation in infants and children, being one of the first to demonstrate scientifically that the ventilators in use in 1962 for adult patients were inappropriate for use in small children (31 citations).20Mushin W.W. Mapleson W.W. Lunn J.N. Problems of automatic ventilation in infants and children.Br J Anaesth. 1962; 34: 514-522Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar His interests even extended to the effect of a range of analgesics on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in a rat model (39 and 13 citations, respectively).21Asai T. Mapleson W.W. Power I. Differential effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat.Br J Anaesth. 1997; 78: 301-307Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (52) Google Scholar, 22Asai T. Mapleson W.W. Power I. Effects of nalbuphine, pentazocine and U50488H on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat.Br J Anaesth. 1998; 80: 814-819Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar Throughout his 60 years in the Cardiff academic department of anaesthesia, he was to work with two generations of anaesthetic trainees and lecturers who were visiting the department from around the world, urging them all to produce the highest standards of research to good effect. Some of them such as Ian Power and Tak Asai were to become BJA Board members in due course. He guided all grades of anaesthetist in the correct use and understanding of statistical analysis, another topic on which he was to publish extensively.23Mapleson W.W. Mathematical aspects of the uptake of inhaled gases and vapours.Br J Anaesth. 1964; 36: 129-139Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (14) Google Scholar Mapleson worked at length with veterinary anaesthetic colleagues especially Prof Barbara Weaver in the academic department of veterinary anaesthesia in the University of Bristol starting in the 1950s and continuing into the 2000s.24Weaver B.M.Q. Mapleson W.W. The measurement of airway resistance in horses.Br J Anaesth. 1965; 37: 987-991Abstract Full Text PDF Scopus (1) Google Scholar, 25Weaver B.M.Q. Staddon G.E. Mapleson W.W. Tissue/blood and tissue/water partition coefficients for propofol in sheep.Br J Anaesth. 2001; 86: 693-703Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar He was more than willing to share his extensive anaesthetic research knowledge especially in respect of pharmacokinetics and statistical analysis to the benefit of the veterinary anaesthetic community. Mapleson was a founder member in 1958 of the Anaesthetic Research Group, which went on to become the Anaesthetic Research Society (ARS) and BJA Research Forum (https://www.ars.ac.uk). Formed by young academics to discuss their ongoing research, Mapleson religiously attended meetings of this Society for over 50 yr, on every occasion taking detailed notes of the proceedings. In 2000, the ARS established the award of a Mapleson Medal (Fig. 2) to the speaker considered to have presented the best research in a professional manner at each ARS meeting. Professor Mapleson was made an Honorary Life member of the ARS over 20 years ago. In addition to his outstanding publication record in the BJA, Mapleson was a member of the BJA Board for over 25 yr, being the first non-physician scientist in 1978 to join this academic group. He ranks amongst the most thorough and reliable assessors any BJA Editor has encountered. With his formidable intellect, his reports could cover 12–14 pages of single-spaced A4, and in his usual obsessional manner, no minor detail was ignored. He expressed absolute academic impartiality, yet heartening positivity. Bill Mapleson was a gracious and quietly courteous gentleman who was loved and respected by all who were fortunate to work with him. The BJA Board very much appreciates his outstanding scientific contributions to the BJA and to the field of anaesthesiology. He died in October 2018, but his name and legacy will live for ever. Both authors contributed equally to the writing of this manuscript. JMH was Editor-in-Chief (EiC) of the British Journal of Anaesthesia from 1997-2005 and Chair of the BJA Board from 2006-12. HCH has been EiC of the British Journal of Anaesthesia since 2017. He was awarded the Mapleson Medal in 2017." @default.
• W2904657282 created "2018-12-22" @default.
• W2904657282 creator A5027231376 @default.
• W2904657282 creator A5056426328 @default.
• W2904657282 date "2019-02-01" @default.
• W2904657282 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2904657282 title "The many contributions of WW Mapleson to the British Journal of Anaesthesia" @default.
• W2904657282 cites W1979150209 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W1985572683 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2009578283 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2011104372 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2020995454 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2022298333 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2027657279 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2035325683 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2047076446 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2047456035 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2060511322 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2067900669 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2081757067 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2097284191 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2108399585 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2112588714 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2120330120 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2129608232 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2141343339 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2155244247 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2163410768 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W2169952208 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W4244986514 @default.
• W2904657282 cites W4253046214 @default.
• W2904657282 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2018.12.001" @default.
• W2904657282 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30686299" @default.
• W2904657282 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
• W2904657282 type Work @default.
• W2904657282 sameAs 2904657282 @default.
• W2904657282 citedByCount "2" @default.
• W2904657282 countsByYear W29046572822022 @default.
• W2904657282 countsByYear W29046572822023 @default.
• W2904657282 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2904657282 hasAuthorship W2904657282A5027231376 @default.
• W2904657282 hasAuthorship W2904657282A5056426328 @default.
• W2904657282 hasBestOaLocation W29046572821 @default.
• W2904657282 hasConcept C42219234 @default.
• W2904657282 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2904657282 hasConceptScore W2904657282C42219234 @default.
• W2904657282 hasConceptScore W2904657282C71924100 @default.
• W2904657282 hasIssue "2" @default.
• W2904657282 hasLocation W29046572821 @default.
• W2904657282 hasLocation W29046572822 @default.
• W2904657282 hasOpenAccess W2904657282 @default.
• W2904657282 hasPrimaryLocation W29046572821 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W1506200166 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W2039318446 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W2048182022 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W2080531066 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W2549135832 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W2604872355 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W2748952813 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W2899084033 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W3032375762 @default.
• W2904657282 hasRelatedWork W3108674512 @default.
• W2904657282 hasVolume "122" @default.
• W2904657282 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2904657282 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2904657282 magId "2904657282" @default.
• W2904657282 workType "article" @default.