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• W2904803735 abstract "This PhD thesis deals with a goal-oriented research towards understanding the transition from Middle to Upper Paleolithic in the Zagrous Mountains and its implications in global debates on this regard. This research is the results of a comprehensive field works carried out in four Paleolithic sites located in the Khorramabad Valley in the western part of Iran. Field works were carried out in two different excavation seasons in 2010-11 and 2014-15. In the first season, we excavated Gilvaran, Ghamari and Kaldar caves and Gar Arjeneh rock shelter. Except for Gar Arjeneh rock shelter that showed up a badly disturbed stratigraphy, excavations at the other three caves yielded positive results showing that all the caves were occupied from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic onward, and therefore provide great potential for the study of the transition between these two crucial cultural periods in this part fo the world. Our preliminary field observations and initial results of the analysis of the lithic assemblages showed that among all the excavated sites Kaldar Cave provides a better stratigraphic sequence with clear living floors that provides the opportunities for an accurate recognition of Middle and Upper Paleolithic layers. As a result, in 2014-15, we excavated the fill of Kaldar Cave in a larger scale that led to the discovery of cultural remains generally associated with anatomically modern humans (AMHs) as well as evidence of a probable Neanderthalmade industry in the basal layers. In the 2014-15 excavation we achieved four thermoluminescence (TL) dates for Layer 4, ranging from 23,100 ± 3300 to 29,400 ± 2300 BP, and three AMS radiocarbon dates from charcoal samples belonging to the lower part of the same layer, yielding ages of 38,650–36,750 cal BP, 44,200–42,350 cal BP, and 54,400–46,050 cal BP (all at the 95.4% confidence level). Although we have not yet achieved chronometric dates from Gilvaran and Ghamari caves, however, as rare cases these localities are also very important sites in the Zagros Mountains which are showing both Middle and Upper Paleolithic sequences. As a consequence, with the available data, Kaldar Cave is the first well-stratified Late Palaeolithic locality to be excavated in the Zagros which is one of the earliest sites with cultural materials attributed to early AMHs in western Asia. It also offers an opportunity to study the technological differences between the Mousterian and the first Upper Palaeolithic lithic technologies as well as the human behaviour in the region. The achieved dates highlights the region as one of the most important zone for the likely second wave of migratory groups of modern human out of Africa that succeeded to dispers into Europe. This also cast more doubts on the singular role of Levantine for the modern human dispersal into Europe. In this thesis, I present the uptonow results from both the excavation seasons which includes detailed description of each site stratigraphy, quantified results from the lithic assemblages, preliminary faunal remains analyses, taphonomic aspects, interpretation of the regional paleoenvironment and geochronologic data from Kaldar Cave. Apart from the published results presented here in this thesis (Bazgir et al. 2014, Davoudi et al. 2015, Bazgir et al. 2017 and Becerra-Valdivia et al. 2017), I provided more details from our excavations as well as some of our multidisciplinary analysis carried out on techno-typological and functional analysis on the lithic industries as well as anthrachological analysis on the recovered charcoals from Gilvaran and Kaldar caves. With the mentioned achieved results that came from efforts by several specialists from different universities and institutes participants, I believe that we succeeded to build aglobal position for the study area and a project for future studies aboutthe human evolution in this region and beyond." @default.
• W2904803735 created "2018-12-22" @default.
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• W2904803735 date "2017-01-01" @default.
• W2904803735 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2904803735 title "Investigating the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition from the Sites in Khorramabad Valley; Western Iran: with Special Reference to Kaldar Cave" @default.
• W2904803735 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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