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• W2904869638 abstract "Freshwater is one of the world’s most important natural resources. It is essential to human health, ecosystem function, and livelihoods, but is a finite resource and needs to be appropriately managed. As global demand grows, there is increasing competition for resources between the water, agriculture, energy, livestock, fisheries, forestry, mining, transport, and other sectors. Conceptual frameworks for water policy such as integrated water resources management and the water-energy-food nexus have emerged to balance these competing interests. However, the policy challenges to meeting societal demands for water while maintaining ecosystem function are exasperated by the modification of water availability due to changing land use and climate conditions. Reliable methods to monitor and predict water availability are essential for understanding the vulnerability of water resources to future changes in land use, climate, and policy. The overarching objective of this dissertation is to better understand how changing patterns of land use and climate conditions impact the distribution and availability of freshwater resources. This dissertation first examines the impact of the current mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in the western United States (US) on surface water resources. In the Western US, the current MPB epidemic has affected more than five million hectares since its start in 1996, including headwater catchments that supply water to much of the Western US. There is widespread concern that the hydrologic consequences of the extensive pine tree die-off will impact water supply across the Western US. While forest disturbance studies have shown that streamflow increases in response to tree harvest, the actual effect of bark beetle infestations on water supply remains widely debated among MPB researchers. This study evaluates watershed-level response following bark beetle outbreak for 33 watersheds in seven western states. Streamflow records were investigated to assess whether the timing and amount of stream discharge during bark beetle outbreak and early recovery periods were significantly different to pre-outbreak conditions. Results show no significant modification in peak flows or average daily streamflow following bark beetle infestation and that climate variability may be a stronger driver of streamflow patterns and snowmelt timing than chronic forest disturbance. The second part of this dissertation examines how surface water resources in the Awash River Basin, in Ethiopia, were impacted by the 2015 regional drought and their subsequent recovery. This study presents a new method to develop accurate, high-resolution maps of waterbodies. Cloud-based computing resources and machine learning techniques are used to merge Sentinel 1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Landsat observations to generate monthly waterbody maps at a 10-meter resolution. The accuracy of this method is shown to be comparable to waterbody map products generated by high performance computing resources. The technique is…" @default.
• W2904869638 created "2018-12-22" @default.
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• W2904869638 date "2018-01-01" @default.
• W2904869638 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2904869638 title "Drought and forest disturbance impacts on hydrology under changing climate conditions" @default.
• W2904869638 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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