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- W2905441528 endingPage "217" @default.
- W2905441528 startingPage "203" @default.
- W2905441528 abstract "Lake Urmia—a shallow endemic hypersaline lake in northwest Iran—has undergone a dramatic decline in its water level (WL), by about 8 m, since 1995. The primary cause of the WL decline in Lake Urmia has been debated in the scientific literature, regarding whether it has been predominantly driven by atmospheric climate change or by human activities in the watershed landscape. Using available climate, hydrological, and vegetation data for the period 1981–2015, this study analyzes and aims to explain the lake desiccation based on other observed hydro-climatic and vegetation changes in the Lake Urmia watershed and classical exploratory statistical methods. The analysis accounts for the relationships between atmospheric climate change (precipitation P, temperature T), and hydrological (soil moisture SM, and WL) and vegetation cover (VC; including agricultural crops and other vegetation) changes in the landscape. Results show that P, T, and SM changes cannot explain the sharp decline in lake WL since 2000. Instead, the agricultural increase of VC in the watershed correlates well with the lake WL change, indicating this human-driven VC and associated irrigation expansion as the dominant human driver of the Lake Urmia desiccation. Specifically, the greater transpiration from the expanded and increasingly irrigated agricultural crops implies increased total evapotranspiration and associated consumptive use of water (inherently related to the irrigation and water diversion and storage developments in the watershed). Thereby the runoff from the watershed into the lake has decreased, and the remaining smaller inflow to the lake has been insufficient for keeping up the previous lake WL, causing the observed WL drop to current conditions." @default.
- W2905441528 created "2018-12-22" @default.
- W2905441528 creator A5002459081 @default.
- W2905441528 creator A5002689910 @default.
- W2905441528 creator A5013690148 @default.
- W2905441528 creator A5015105497 @default.
- W2905441528 creator A5026830330 @default.
- W2905441528 creator A5031434805 @default.
- W2905441528 creator A5050684806 @default.
- W2905441528 creator A5066030481 @default.
- W2905441528 creator A5085309570 @default.
- W2905441528 date "2019-02-01" @default.
- W2905441528 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2905441528 title "Climatic or regionally induced by humans? Tracing hydro-climatic and land-use changes to better understand the Lake Urmia tragedy" @default.
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