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• W290553199 abstract "Jessica Utts and I were given the task of evaluating the program on Anomalous Mental Phenomena carried out at SRI International (formerly the Stanford Research Institute) from 1973 through 1989 and continued at SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation) from 1992 through 1994. We were asked to evaluate this research in terms of its scientific value. We were also asked to comment on its potential utility for intelligence applications. The investigators use the term anomalous mental phenomena to refer to what the parapsychologists label as psi. Psi includes both extrasensory perception (called anomalous cognition by the present investigators) and psychokinesis (called anomalous perturbation by the present investigators). The experimenters claim that their results support the existence of anomalous cognition - especially clairvoyance (information transmission from a target without the intervention of a human sender) and precognition. They found no evidence for the existence of anomalous perturbation. Our evaluation will focus on the 10 experiments conducted at SAIC. These are the most recent in the program as well as the only ones for which we have adequate documentation. The earlier SRI research on remote viewing suffered from methodological inadequacies. Another reason for concentrating upon this more recent set of experiments is the limited time frame allotted for this evaluation. I will not ignore entirely the earlier SRI research. I will also consider some of the contemporary research in parapsychology at other laboratories. This is because a proper scientific evaluation of any research program has to place it in the context of the broader scientific community. In addition, some of this contemporary research was subcontracted by the SAIC investigators. Utts has provided an historical overview of the SRI and SAIC programs as well as descriptions of the experiments under consideration. I will not duplicate what she has written on these topics. Instead, I will focus on her conclusions that: 1. Using the standards applied to any other area of science, it is concluded that psychic functioning has been well established (Utts, 1995, p. 1). 2. Arguments that these results could be due to methodological flaws in the experiments are soundly refuted. Effects of a magnitude similar to those found in government-sponsored research at SRI and SAIC have been replicated at a number of laboratories around the world. Such consistency cannot be readily explained by claims of flaws or fraud (Utts, 1995, p. 1). Because my report will emphasize points of disagreement between Utts and me, I want to state that we agree on many other points. We both agree that the SAIC experiments were free of the methodological weaknesses that plagued the early SRI research. We also agree that the SAIC experiments appear to be free of the more obvious and better known flaws that can invalidate the results of parapsychological investigations. We agree that the effect sizes reported in the SAIC experiments are too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes. I also believe that Utts and I agree on what the next steps should be. We disagree on key questions such as: 1. Do these apparently nonchance effects justify concluding that the existence of anomalous cognition has been established? 2. Has the possibility of methodological flaws been completely eliminated? 3. Are the SAIC results consistent with the contemporary findings in other parapsychological laboratories on remote viewing and the ganzfeld phenomenon? The remainder of this report will try to justify why I believe the answer to these three questions is no. SCIENTIFIC STATUS OF THE PROGRAM Science is basically a communal activity. For any developed field of inquiry, a community of experts exists. This community provides the disciplinary matrix which determines what questions are worth asking, which issues are relevant, what variables matter and which can be safely ignored, and the criteria for judging the adequacy of observational data. …" @default.
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• W290553199 date "1995-12-01" @default.
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• W290553199 title "Evaluation of the Program on Anomalous Mental Phenomena" @default.
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