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- W2905888971 abstract "Abstract Innate immunity is the first-line defense against pathogens and has the capacity, through cellular and extracellular components, to act rapidly and efficiently to respond to any immediate threat. The innate immune system is also essential in recognizing and marking with opsonins the large burden of dying autologous cells for subsequent silent clearance by macrophages. Thus under steady-state conditions, innate immunity protects against harmful responses to both foreign and self-derived antigens. Consequently, if some elements such as early complement components are deficient, individuals may be at risk of both types of infections as well as autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Alternatively, enhanced interferon responses may be selected by evolution and lead to strong protection from virus infection yet increase susceptibility to lupus. As detailed in this chapter, there are multiple abnormalities in innate immunity in lupus, both at the cellular and extracellular level with exaggerated immune cell activation contributing to the pathogenesis. Starting from abnormal cell death and/or the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), nucleic acids appear to be the dominant ligands that activate toll-like receptors and/or cytosolic nucleic acid–sensing receptors, leading to the production of type 1 interferon and other chemokines and cytokines. These inflammatory responses are compounded by activation of adaptive immunity and formation of immune complexes containing nucleic acids. The chronicity of the inflammation contributes to skewing the immune system toward an autoimmune antigen-presenting phenotype, as well as causing secondary tissue damage such as atherosclerosis, one of the leading causes of increased mortality observed in lupus patients. Novel therapeutics targeting extracellular nucleic acids, nucleic acid sensors and their signal transduction pathways, or type I interferons offer promise for new therapies in lupus." @default.
- W2905888971 created "2019-01-01" @default.
- W2905888971 creator A5005493295 @default.
- W2905888971 creator A5062070975 @default.
- W2905888971 date "2019-01-01" @default.
- W2905888971 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2905888971 title "The Innate Immune System in SLE" @default.
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- W2905888971 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-47927-1.00008-6" @default.
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