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- W2906165066 abstract "N-nitroso compounds, formed endogenously from drinking water and dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite, are potent animal carcinogens that cause tumors at numerous anatomic sites. Exposure to nitrate via drinking water occurs mostly in agricultural areas and levels are often highest in private wells. In the United States, private wells are not regulated; therefore, monitoring data are scarce making exposure assessment challenging. We describe exposure assessment approaches for nitrate in drinking water sources for two epidemiologic studies: a cohort of Old Order Amish in three counties in Pennsylvania and the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a cohort of pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa and North Carolina. In Pennsylvania, we used well measurements (n=386) from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to develop a standard linear mixed effects model that included variables for aquifer type, geology, transmissivity, and karst density using the well recharge area as the modeling unit. We evaluated the model by comparing predicted and observed nitrate concentrations on a separate dataset of well measurements (n=96). In the AHS, we have information on water source (public supply, private well, other), well depth, and whether the well ever tested high (above the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen). We are linking residence locations on public supplies (40% of participants) to public monitoring databases for nitrate. For residences with private wells, we will use available measurement data to develop regression models that include information about well depth, whether the well tested high, hydrogeologic characteristics of the well, and land use information. Ingestion of nitrate and nitrite from dietary sources can be estimated from food frequency questionnaires; exposure estimates from several studies will be presented. We will also discuss the importance of considering factors affecting endogenous nitrosation in the exposure assessment and data analysis stages of epidemiologic studies." @default.
- W2906165066 created "2019-01-01" @default.
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- W2906165066 date "2011-09-13" @default.
- W2906165066 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2906165066 title "EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT APPROACHES FOR NITRATE INGESTION" @default.
- W2906165066 doi "https://doi.org/10.1289/isee.2011.01965" @default.
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