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• W2907599085 abstract "The Right to Eat: Money, Labor, and Commodification in Faulkner’s If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem Caroline Miles (bio) Canned food litters much of Faulkner’s work, including, The Sound and the Fury, “Barn Burning,” and If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem to name a few, and according to food historian John T. Edge, salmon croquettes made from canned salmon were Faulkner’s favorite food.1 The presence of canned food in Faulkner’s work and personal life is not particularly surprising given its growing hold throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth century on an American food industry increasingly characterized by developments in commodity production and global markets. By the twentieth century, canned food and the mass production of cheap commodities it denoted became hailed in the United States as an emblem of Western civilization, technological and global innovation, and economic prosperity; the endless popping of spinach cans in Popeye cartoons served as a particularly memorable tribute to canned food in American popular culture at this time. However, despite such endorsement of commodification during Faulkner’s lifetime, references to canned food and other commodities in Faulkner’s If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem, as well as to money, labor, and food more generally, do not commend advances in food production; rather, they reveal more sinister intersections among money, labor, commodification, and the need to eat in the twentieth century. In contrast to studies of literature celebrating Southern dining and setting scenes of wholesome living, communal bonding across racial and political differences, and regional Southern pride,2 Faulkner’s If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem focuses on disturbing characteristics of commodification and the role that food [End Page 69] in particular plays in encapsulating the dehumanizing nature of global capitalist mass production. Also, while Faulkner scholars continue to struggle to understand how the two narratives in If Forget Thee, Jerusalem fit together, more often dealing with one or the other, this focus on commodification, and the distinct role that food plays in a market society, invites significant and overlooked connections between the two stories. ________ As Marx argues, commodities take on a peculiar nature because market capitalism is driven by profit, and the value and nature of all commodities, including food, get determined not by any inherent quality in things themselves, but by the amount of labor that goes into producing a commodity to sell and generate profit on the market;3 consequently, qualities that we should value, such as nutrition in the case of food, get sacrificed by a market system that favors goods that can be mass-produced cheaply and generate maximum returns. At the same time, individuals become conditioned to want these cheaply produced goods, regardless of quality.4 By the same token, satisfying labor is forfeited for labor conditions and exploitive labor relations necessary for producing products as cheaply as possible. In addition, as Marx and others point out, since commodities will only be distributed to those with money to buy them, goods are not produced primarily to meet people’s needs, often creating overproduction, waste, and scarcity. A number of economic thinkers have recognized how this is especially significant when it comes to food, demonstrating that while abundant amounts of food are produced, not everyone at all points in time can afford to buy it. Since distribution is based on volatile and changing markets, not ongoing need, those with more money at any given time can buy more food; but if there is more food than the market can absorb, it is wasted. As Lugi Russi explains in Hungry Capital: [End Page 70] The Financialization of Food, hunger is the result of the process of “turning food into just another tradeable commodity mobilized on financial markets” and the “extraction of value from the food chain in order to carve new spaces for corporate profit” (930). Such an understanding undercuts the myth that a food crisis results from overconsumption in certain parts of the globe or from overpopulation in other parts by pointing out that neither of these scenarios impact buying power, which ultimately dictates whether people eat or not. As A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi says in Hungry for Change: Food Justice, and the Agrarian Question, [f]or..." @default.
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• W2907599085 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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• W2907599085 title "The Right to Eat: Money, Labor, and Commodification in Faulkner’s If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem" @default.
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• W2907599085 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/fau.2016.0003" @default.
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