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• W2907747563 abstract "Reviewed by: Frederick Novy and the Development of Bacteriology in Medicine by Powel H. Kazanjian Christoph Gradmann Powel H. Kazanjian. Frederick Novy and the Development of Bacteriology in Medicine. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 2017. The historiography of medical bacteriology is obsessed with its heroic figures. While the significance of Pasteur and Koch is well known, those who came after [End Page 707] are more difficult to name. Powel H. Kazanjian, historian and physician with a specialty in infectious diseases, has written a biography of a bacteriologist who is as significant as he is overlooked. Entering the field of bacteriology at the end of the glory days of microbe hunting in the late 1880s, Frederick Novy’s (1864–1957) contributions to medical microbiology and to making it a subject taught in medical schools are immense. He combined his studies in chemistry with a youthful passion for biology and earned an M.D. and Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Michigan. It was here he met Victor Vaughan, head of the newly created hygienic laboratory. Working as Vaughan’s assistant enabled Novy to begin a career that took his interest for microbial life from passion to profession, rising through the growing laboratory and eventually becoming Vaughan’s successor, full professor, and head of Madison University’s Department of Bacteriology. All this started with a journey to Koch’s laboratory in Berlin in 1888, where Vaughan and Novy familiarized themselves with contemporary top-notch bacteriology. As we learn from Kazanjian, Novy was quite capable of creatively transforming the science and pedagogy of Berlin-style bacteriology by moving beyond the Kochian fixation with pathogenic bacteria. Over a career that spanned all the way into the 1930s, Novy worked on a bewildering number of microbes, including bacteria, protozoa, and viruses, focusing on fundamental biological questions but keeping his distance from therapeutic experiments, not to speak of clinical medicine. Defining medical bacteriology as a preclinical science had considerable impact on teaching it. Designing training that offered both practical skills and education in scientific spirit became Novy’s lasting contribution. Laboratory work done by students, in his view, served both the scientific and moral education of future doctors. Classes offered in Madison were far more comprehensive than the rather technical courses in Berlin that had inspired him. The message was well received by many students and ultimately earned Novy a portrait in the fictional character of Dr. Max Gottlieb in Sinclair Lewis’s novel Arrowsmith—Gottlieb being a researcher who practices science as a secular religion, inspiring loyalty and enthusiasm in his pupils. Powel Kazanjian tells Novy’s career mostly based on his writing and his papers, which are kept at the University of Michigan. He has chosen a structure for his book that combines chronological and systematic approaches. Of the six chapters, the first and the last are more biographical, telling the story of Novy’s early career and of his later importance as role model for a career path that became common only from the mid-twentieth century onward, that of a scientist-researcher in a medical school. Kazanjian has an admirable command of Novy’s life and work and he is strongest as an author when he stays close to it. His analysis of Novy’s longstanding interest in Trypanosoma is fascinating, and it supports well Kazanjian’s point that Novy took microbiology in the direction of being a basic medical science. Kazanjian has made a convincing argument that Novy is indeed somewhat neglected in the history of bacteriology. In contrast to the image of American bacteriology as a science of public health, he successfully developed a basic science [End Page 708] version of the discipline and gave it firm footing in the teaching of medicine. Yet, it can be argued that Kazanjian’s opinion that this was a somewhat singular fate is in need of some qualification. The prestige of early twentieth-century medical bacteriology was driven by its applicability, be it in reality through public health hygiene or in imagination though antibiotics that were widely anticipated before they arrived. Consistently, much of the bacteriology that followed Koch and Pasteur hardly made it to public memory. It was..." @default.
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• W2907747563 title "Frederick Novy and the Development of Bacteriology in Medicine by Powel H. Kazanjian" @default.
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• W2907747563 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2018.0083" @default.
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