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• W2910441943 abstract "An Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Ice Cube Application Upon Pain Perception of Children during Intra Muscular Injection at Selected Hospital, Chennai. The Objectives of the study were, 1. To assess the level of pain perceived during intra muscular injection by control and experimental group of children. 2. To determine the effectiveness of ice cube application by comparing the pain perception of control and experimental group of children during intra muscular injection. 3. To determine the level of satisfaction of mothers regarding ice cube application during intra muscular injection in the experimental group of children. 4. To find out the association between selected demographic variables and pain perception during intra muscular injection in the control and experimental group of children. 5. To find out the association between selected clinical variables and pain perception during intra muscular injection in the control and experimental group of children. The conceptual frame work for the study was developed on the basis of Roy’s adaptation model, which was modified for the present study. An experimental research approach with post test only design was used to achieve the objectives of the study. The present study was conducted in Durgabai Deshmukh General Hospital and Research Centre, Andhra Mahila Sabha Chennai, with the sample size of 60 children including 30 in control group and 30 in experimental group who satisfied the inclusion criteria using systematic random sampling technique. An extensive review of literature and expert guidance laid the foundation to development of tools such as demographic variable proforma, clinical variable proforma, FLACC scale and mother’s satisfaction rating scale to assess the level of satisfaction. The data collection tools were validated and reliability was established. After two weeks of pilot study, the data collection for the main study was conducted for six weeks. The investigator administered demographic and clinical proforma to the parents in control and experimental group. The children in the control group were assessed using FLACC scale for pain perception after intramuscular injection without any intervention. In experimental group, ice cube application was given for a period of 30 seconds before intramuscular injection. At the end of this period, intra muscular injection was given and post assessment of pain was done immediately for 1 minute by using observation check list and FLACC scale. The level of satisfaction of mothers regarding ice cube application was assessed using satisfaction rating scale. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:• Majority of the children belonged to Hindu religion (70%, 73.3%) and living in urban area (43.3%, 83.3%), significant percentage of the children were males (66.6%, 36.6%), most of the children were in the age group of >17 months (36.6%, 66.6%), with the family income between Rs.10001- 15000 (43.3%, 36.6%) in control and experimental group of children respectively. • Most of the children (56.6%, 46.6%) were less than 80 centimeters tall, (56.6%, 50%) of children weighed < 11 kilograms, (43.3%, 53.3%) received pentavac injection and none of the children had history of allergic reaction in control and experimental group of children respectively. • The mean and standard deviation of pain perception of children in the control group was Mean=7.4, SD=1.3 and in experimental group Mean=3.3, SD=1.51 respectively. The ‘t’ value of 11.7 was highly significant at P< 0.001 level of significance. Hence, the null hypothesis H01 was rejected. • There was no significant association between selected demographic variables and pain perception at p < 0.05 in control group of children. • There was a significant association between the gender of the child (χ2 =5.68, df=1 ), type of family (χ2 =4.35, df=1 ) and pain perception at p < 0.05 in the experimental group and no significant association between other demographic variables and pain perception in the experimental group of children. Hence the null hypothesis H02 was partially rejected with regard to the gender of the child and type of family in experimental group of children and partially retained with regard to other demographic variables in control and experimental group of children. • There was no significant association between selected clinical variables and pain perception in control group of children. • There was a significant association between the height of the child (χ2 =4.85, df=1 ), weight of the child (χ2 =7.03, df=1 ) and pain perception at p<0.05 in the experimental group of children and no significant association between other clinical variables and pain perception in experimental group of children. Hence, the null hypothesis H03 was partially rejected with height and weight of the children in experimental group and partially retained with regard to other clinical variables in control and experimental group of children. • The study findings revealed that majority (77%) of the mothers were highly satisfied and significant (23%) of the mothers were moderately satisfied regarding the ice cube application during intramuscular injection. The intervention also enhanced the perception and confidence among the mothers to support the child, in reducing the pain experienced during intramuscular injection. RECOMMENDATIONS:1. The study can be conducted on larger sample to generalize the results. 2. The study can be conducted in different settings.3. The study can be conducted for pain management during other invasive procedures. 4. A comparative study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various other interventions to reduce pain. 5. The study can be conducted among children of different age groups. 6. A comparative study can be conducted to assess the effectiveness of ice cube application with other intervention like Emla cream application during intramuscular injection." @default.
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• W2910441943 date "2013-04-01" @default.
• W2910441943 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2910441943 title "Effectiveness of ice cube application upon pain perception of children during intra muscular injection" @default.
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