FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2910769881> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2910769881 abstract "Substance identification p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl (IUPAC name: N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4- yl]butanamide) is a synthetic analog of the opioid analgesic fentanyl. In Europe, it was first reported in 2014 followed by the Untied States of America in 2015. Samples obtained from seizures and collections suggest that p-fluoro-butyrylfentanyl appears in powder, tablet, nasal spray and e-liquid form. Examples exist where it might be found in samples mixed with heroin. WHO Review History p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl has not been previously pre-reviewed or critically reviewed. Chemistry There is no specific information available about the routes of synthesis employed for the p-fluoro- butyrylfentanyl products circulating on the drug market but straightforward methods for its preparation exist without requiring access to precursors that are controlled internationally. Routes of synthesis also exist that might require the use of a controlled precursor. Ease of convertibility into controlled substances p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl could be converted to its isomer p-fluoro-isobutyrylfentanyl (IUPAC name: N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide), which is listed in Schedule I of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol. Similarity to known substances / Effects on the central nervous system Data from human studies are not available but the information available so far suggests that the effects induced by p-fluoro-butyrylfentanyl are also shared by other synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and heroin. General pharmacology Pharmacological studies have shown that p-fluoro-butyrylfentanyl is qualitatively similar to fentanyl and heroin. p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl binds to μ-opioid receptors (MOR) with high selectivity over the κ- and δ-opioid receptors and has been shown to act as a partial agonist at MOR in a [35S]GTPγS binding assay. Similar to both fentanyl and morphine, p-fluoro- butyrylfentanyl was also shown to induce locomotor activity and antinociceptive effects in mice. Antinociceptive effects were attenuated by pre-treatment with naltrexone. Toxicology Data on the toxicology of p-fluoro-butyrylfentanyl could not be identified. Adverse reactions in humans p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl has been detected in biological samples obtained from fatal intoxication cases although unambiguous differentiation from the p-fluoro-isobutyrylfentanyl isomer was not always possible. A report detailing an acute intoxication revealed that clinical features included disorientation, slurred speech and hypotension. Dependence potential No studies available. Experience with fentanyl and other synthetic opioids suggest that the dependence potential might extend to p-fluoro-butyrylfentanyl but further studies are warranted to explore this. Abuse potential Whilst no formal studies exist, the limited available information indicates that p-fluoro- butyrylfentanyl is used by experimental users (psychonauts) and people who also use synthetic opioids and opiates. It is likely that p-fluoro-butyrylfentanyl will be associated with abuse liability. Therapeutic applications / usefulness p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl is not known to have any therapeutic uses. Listing on WHO Model List of Essential Medicines p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl is not listed. Marketing authorizations p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl is not known to have any marketing authorizations. Industrial use p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl is not known to have any agricultural, industrial or cosmetic uses even though it is available for purchase as a ‘research chemical’. Non-medical use The mode of use may involve the combinational use (intentionally or unintentionally) of other drugs and users may be unaware of the exact dose or compound being ingested (by whatever route). Similar to other fentanils, p-fluoro-butyrylfentanyl may be administered as a solution (e.g. using nasal sprays), orally as a powder (including in capsules or tablets), or by insufflation of a powder; it can also be administered sublingually or intranasally via a spray; administered by injection (intramuscular or intravenous) or inhaled by vaporizing. Nature and magnitude of public health problems Use of p-fluoro-butyrylfentanyl appears to be limited to recreational substance users rather than the general population. Marginalized and vulnerable opioid users including those who inject such substances also use fentanyl analogs. However, users may not be aware of using them and the high potency associated with fentanyl analogs might result in increased risks of life-threatening overdoses. At the same time, fentanyl and its analogs pose a serious risk of accidental exposure to such products with the potential for subsequent poisoning of the public, law enforcement and emergency personnel, as well as medical/laboratory personnel. Licit production, consumption, and international trade p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl is not known to have any agricultural, industrial or cosmetic uses even though it is available for purchase as a ‘research chemical’. Illicit manufacture and traffic So far the total number of reports describing the identification of p-fluoro-butyrylfentanyl seems comparatively low but it an increase in detections has been reported in the US. p-Fluoro- butyrylfentanyl can be purchased from Internet retailers. Current international controls and their impact p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl is not controlled under the 1961, 1971 or 1988 United Nations Conventions. Current and past national controls p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl is controlled in some UN Member States." @default.
• W2910769881 created "2019-01-25" @default.
• W2910769881 creator A5085363525 @default.
• W2910769881 date "2018-10-26" @default.
• W2910769881 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2910769881 title "Critical Review Report: p-Fluoro-butyrylfentanyl" @default.
• W2910769881 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
• W2910769881 type Work @default.
• W2910769881 sameAs 2910769881 @default.
• W2910769881 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W2910769881 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2910769881 hasAuthorship W2910769881A5085363525 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C125832229 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C170493617 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C178790620 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C185592680 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C21951064 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C2778750930 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C2778903686 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C2780035454 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C2781063702 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C2781072394 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C2910878864 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C55493867 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C71240020 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConcept C98274493 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C125832229 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C170493617 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C178790620 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C185592680 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C21951064 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C2778750930 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C2778903686 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C2780035454 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C2781063702 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C2781072394 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C2910878864 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C55493867 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C71240020 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C71924100 @default.
• W2910769881 hasConceptScore W2910769881C98274493 @default.
• W2910769881 hasLocation W29107698811 @default.
• W2910769881 hasOpenAccess W2910769881 @default.
• W2910769881 hasPrimaryLocation W29107698811 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W1488643809 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W2726354329 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W2763260446 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W2796312690 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W2801009482 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W2906828866 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W2914107368 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W2914634047 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W2985217042 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W3085437708 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W3087855976 @default.
• W2910769881 hasRelatedWork W3199036828 @default.
• W2910769881 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2910769881 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2910769881 magId "2910769881" @default.
• W2910769881 workType "article" @default.