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- W2911543223 abstract "Human activities are responsible for the production and transformation of thousands of chemical compounds. These chemicals will at some point be released into the environment, being therefore potentially available to be accumulated by wildlife and humans. Organotins (OTs) are among such chemicals. With an annual production of over 60,000 tons, they comprise a vast number of compounds used with three main purposes: as biocides; as stabilizers in the plastics industry; and as catalysts for the production of polyurethane foams and silicones. The excellent biocidal properties of tributyltin (TBT) (and its effects on non-target species), are most probably the cause for OTs notoriety. This compound was extensively used in antifouling paints which lead to a global contamination of the marine environment. Due to its persistency and demonstrated deleterious effects, including, e.g., endocrine disruption, TBT was banned on a global scale in 2008. Despite the tremendous attention from the scientific community to the levels and effects of OTs in the aquatic environment the same level of effort was not undertaken regarding humans. However, the widespread industrial application grants OTs a ubiquitous presence in every aspect of human life through clothes, pillows, toys, wallpaper, plastic food containers, pipes (including drinking water mains and household piping) and medical devices. This scenario creates frequent exposure opportunities by dermal contact with consumer products or through ingestion of contaminated dust, which are cumulative with the ingestion of contaminated food (particularly seafood). Without surprise, organotins have already been detected in human samples and toxicity data reveals that they are endocrine disruptors, imunotoxicants, and carcinogens, being recently linked to obesity. In this wok a thorough review on the OTs burden in human tissues is performed. Possible exposure sources are also unraveled and risk towards humans addressed." @default.
- W2911543223 created "2019-02-21" @default.
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- W2911543223 date "2013-09-19" @default.
- W2911543223 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2911543223 title "Unknown levels, uncertain sources: or all we know regarding Humans and Organotin compounds" @default.
- W2911543223 doi "https://doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.o-3-22-04" @default.
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