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- W2911704277 abstract "Background: The endocrine disruptor chemical BPA is a high production volume chemical used in various consumer products, with wide spread exposure among the U.S. population. Fetuses in early developmental stages are vulnerable to BPA disruption, and thus it is important to understand levels of maternal BPA exposure, sources of exposure, and degree to which free BPA is metabolized to its less potent conjugated metabolites BPA glucuronide and BPA sulfate in pregnant women. Objectives: To characterize sources of exposure to conjugated and free BPA among a low income, ethnically diverse population of pregnant women during their 2nd trimester of pregnancy. Methods: We measured BPA glucuronide, BPA sulfate, and free BPA in the urine of 2nd trimester pregnant women (n=112) using LC MS/MS. An original questionnaire was developed to identify dietary, non-dietary, occupational, and sociodemographic determinants of BPA exposure. Results: BPA was detected in 100% of participants and median concentrations (creatinine adjusted ug/g : BPA glucuronide 4.67, BPA sulfate 0.42, free BPA 0.25) were 2 times higher than the NHANES average. On average, composition of total BPA is 76% BPA glucuronide, 13% BPA sulfate, and 11% free BPA. BPA glucuronide and BPA sulfate levels are highly correlated, while no correlations were found between free BPA with BPA glucuronide or BPA sulfate. Both occupational and non-occupational receipts exposure were a strong predictor of conjugated BPA levels. Other predictors associated with higher BPA levels in multivariate regression analysis were higher educational attainment, non-African American race/ethnicity, canned food consumption, no wine consumption, and food processor use. Conclusions: We found higher than national average exposures in this under-studied population with BPA sulfate being an important metabolite. Consistent with other studies, our results suggest that dietary and occupational sources contribute to BPA exposure in pregnant women." @default.
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- W2911704277 date "2013-09-19" @default.
- W2911704277 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2911704277 title "Sources of Bisphenol-A (BPA) Exposure among Ethnically Diverse, Lower Income Pregnant Women in Northern California" @default.
- W2911704277 doi "https://doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-1-22-24" @default.
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