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- W2911895334 abstract "Posited as a public health risk by the World Health Assembly in 2001, helminth worms are a virulent family of parasites prominent in the developing world with various species together having infected approximately one quarter of the global population. Helminth eggs are incredibly resilient—possessing the ability to resist inactivation via treatment with most conventional sanitation methods. Determining a cost-effective and sustainable sanitation approach will lead to increased sanitizing capabilities in regions that otherwise do not have access to clean water and food. This research first reports on the effectiveness of electroporation to inactivate Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a non-parasitic nematode genetically and morphologically similar to most helminths, and discusses progress toward implementation in off-grid toilets. Electroporation is an electrophysical technique that utilizes electric pulses to increase cell membrane permeability in its conventional application but herein is used to open pores in nematode eggshells—the first report of such an application to the best knowledge of the authors. A parametric evaluation of electric field strength and treatment duration of eggs and worms in phosphate buffer solution and polished blackwater was performed using a 1-Hz pulse train with a 0.01% duty cycle. Pore formation extent was quantified using a fluorescent label, propidium iodide, that targets embryonic DNA. Post-treatment egg viability assays demonstrated that electroporation deactivated C. elegans eggs without supplementary methods (i.e., chlorination or oxidation). Following optimization, electroporation was ultimately applied to Ascaris suum to demonstrate compliance to the emerging PC 305 ISO standard for sustainable non-sewered sanitation systems. This research reveals that electroporation increases eggshell permeability through potential channel formation within the shell in both saline and blackwater media. Based on our observations thus far, we discuss current treatment conditions and associated energy consumption requirements for the destruction of helminth parasites in wastewater." @default.
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- W2911895334 date "2019-02-01" @default.
- W2911895334 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2911895334 title "Destruction of Nematode Ova in Wastewater using Electroporation" @default.
- W2911895334 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1199" @default.
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