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• W2912152381 abstract "Milking and non-milking influences on teat skin and tissue parameters were examined in a series of trials in New Zealand at the Dairying Research Corporation, Hamilton and on farms within a 100 km radius of Hanover, in Germany. In New Zealand, identical twins were available for six short-term trials and one long-term trial, involving 10 twin sets. In Germany, one main trial was carried out, with 304 unrelated cows located on five participating dairy farms. The determination of the teat skin parameters pH and moisture was possible, with the Corneometer CM 820O and Skin-pH-Meter PH 900O (Courage and Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany). The teat skin moisture was determined in arbitrary units. The test of repeatability resulted in a coefficient of variation (cv) of 25.6 per cent for moisture and 6.07 per cent for pH. The reproducibility over time resulted in similar cvs. Teat skin moisture and pH were not significantly correlated. The average teat skin pH of New Zealand cows varied from 6.44 to 6.88 for lactating cows and from 7.06 to 7.26 for dry cows. German lactating cows had a mean teat skin pH of 7.19 to 7.26. In New Zealand, the teat skin moisture of lactating cows fluctuated between 23.9 and 39.8, and between 23.0 to 57.5 for dry cows. The average teat skin moisture of German lactating cows ranged from 46.6 to 47.8. The teat skin moisture was correlated with the environmental temperature on a low level. The teat skin pH correlated with the environmental temperature and the relative humidity. The milking interval did not have any influence on teat skin moisture or pH. The application of a post milking teat sanitiser, containing iodine and a mixture of glycerine and sorbitol, increased the moisture of teat skin significantly. This increase was observable up to 16 h, but after 24 h, the effect had deteriorated. The low pH of the sanitiser solution (3.3) had a very strong, decreasing influence on the teat skin pH. Six different teat sanitiser formulations were tested regarding their teat conditioning properties. The level of glycerine in the sanitiser influenced the moisture level on the skin. Products without emollient did not moisturise the teat skin as well as products with emollient. Disinfectant solutions with a pH around neutral did not change the teat skin pH whilst treatments with the same pH (3.5) resulted in approximately the same decrease in teat skin pH. The influence of the treatments on the teat skin flora was tested, taking rinsing samples. The teat skin flora observed on untreated skin was similar to the microflora reported in the literature. However, no effect of the sanitiser treatment on the number of teats colonised with a particular group or genus of bacteria could be found. Ten twin sets were used to compare two different pulsation modes in a long-term trial. The group, treated with the ‘fast’ milking mode exhibited significantly higher teat thickness changes than the ‘slow’ group. Yet, the pulsation treatment had no significant effect on teat skin moisture or pH. The udder health of 253 German cows was compared with teat skin moisture and pH. No significant correlation of these parameters was observed. Analysis of the data indicated that time, farm and individual cow factors influenced the teat skin parameters to a greater extent than the udder health on quarter basis." @default.
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• W2912152381 date "2002-01-01" @default.
• W2912152381 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2912152381 title "Influence of environmental and pulsation factors on teat skin condition and teat tissue with regard to mastitis" @default.
• W2912152381 hasPublicationYear "2002" @default.
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