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• W2912311294 startingPage "359" @default.
• W2912311294 abstract "Abstract Drug testing programs are commonplace in various work environments, especially high-risk workplaces such as the armed forces and other government agencies. The most common matrix used for these testing programs is urine. One of the major problems that arise within these testing programs, however, is urine adulteration. This practice involves that manipulation of a urine specimen through various methods including the addition of exogenous chemicals to obtain a false negative result. To compound this complex problem, a number of different chemicals can be easily obtained and some purpose-made urine adulterants are commercially available to achieve this purpose. Some of the most common chemical adulterants include household chemicals such as bleach, laundry detergent, table salt and even toilet bowl cleaner. The range of commercial products include UrinAid (glutaraldehyde), Stealth (containing peroxidase and peroxide), Klear (potassium nitrite), and Urine Luck (pyridinium chlorochromate) and these can be purchased from a number of Internet sources. In order to combat the rise of urine adulteration, toxicology laboratories have a series of countermeasures and integrity tests to detect the presence of adulteration. These methods, while quite effective for detecting adulterants, they often cannot enable to detection of which drugs have been used. This becomes especially apparent when oxidizing chemicals are used to adulterate the urine specimens. These adulterants will often destroy any of the target analytes available in the specimen, making sure that they cannot be detected by both screening and confirmatory testing techniques. One method that has been showing some encouraging results to counteract this problem is the identification of oxidation products that are formed from the reaction of drugs and their metabolites with oxidizing agents. This new approach will improve the effectiveness of drug testing programs as a whole." @default.
• W2912311294 created "2019-02-21" @default.
• W2912311294 creator A5054111036 @default.
• W2912311294 date "2019-01-01" @default.
• W2912311294 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2912311294 title "How Do People Try to Beat Drugs Test? Effects of Synthetic Urine, Substituted Urine, Diluted Urine, and In Vitro Urinary Adulterants on Drugs of Abuse Testing" @default.
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