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• W2912440134 abstract "Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels are activated by cAMP or cGMP, crucial intracellular messenger molecules that regulate a wide variety of physiological activities. In photoreceptors and olfactory neurons, CNG channels play an essential role in transducing sensory stimuli into electrical and chemical responses. CNG channels are also found in other tissues including brain and sperm, where they may contribute to physiological functions including pacemaking, synaptic transmission and chemosensation. The exquisite regulation of different CNG channels by divalent cations, calmodulin, phosphorylation and phospholipids allows these proteins to carry out disparate physiological functions with high precision. Our understanding of the structure of these channels has been greatly enhanced by the recent determination of the structures of domains of related ion channels. The powerful combination of electrophysiology, biochemistry, patch-clamp fluorometry and X-ray crystallography has begun to unravel the mystery of how CNG channels are regulated and how the binding of cyclic nucleotides lead to channel opening.Key concepts Ion channels are membrane proteins that allow ions to diffuse across cellular membranes in a regulated manner.CNG channels are ion channels regulated by the direct binding of cyclic nucleotides.Photoreceptors are retinal cells that contain a high density of ion channels regulated by the binding of cyclic nucleotides.Olfaction is the process of odour sensation, also regulated by the binding of cyclic nucleotides.Permeation describes the ability of ion channels to selectively determine which ions can move through them.Gating is the process by which ion channels open and close to control the flow of ions.Structure/function describes the relationship between the 3D structure of an ion channel and its function.Cyclic nucleotides are small ligands used to control the gating of CNG channels.Keywords:ion channels;cyclic AMP;cyclic GMP;photoreceptor;olfaction" @default.
• W2912440134 created "2019-02-21" @default.
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• W2912440134 date "2009-03-15" @default.
• W2912440134 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2912440134 title "Cyclic Nucleotide‐gated Ion Channels" @default.
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• W2912440134 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0000091.pub2" @default.
• W2912440134 hasPublicationYear "2009" @default.
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