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• W2912497699 abstract "The Letter to the Editor by Delanghe et al.1Delanghe J.R. Delanghe S.E. De Buyzere M.L. Speeckaert M.M. Infrared spectroscopic imaging for interrogating the carbohydrate biochemistry of diabetic nephropathy progression.Kidney Int. 2016; (in press)Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2) Google Scholar highlights the important differences that enzymatic glycosylation and nonenzymatic glycosylation (also frequently termed glycation) are likely to play in different types of renal disease progression. The authors are correct that both enzymatic and nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) will indeed be expected to have an influence on the infrared spectra. To date, there have been no comprehensive studies in human tissue using infrared imaging that have deconvolved the biochemical contribution of these 2 processes to the different spectral regions. For this reason, in our article,2Varma V.K. Kajdacsy-Balla A. Akkina S.K. et al.A label-free approach by infrared spectroscopic imaging for interrogating the biochemistry of diabetic nephropathy progression.Kidney Int. 2016; 89: 1153-1159Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (35) Google Scholar we purposely avoided specifying the exact type of glycosylation that we were measuring and instead used a more general “glycosylation-associated” term throughout the article. There has been evidence from multiple studies that the identified spectral peaks are associated with glycosylation but nothing more specific such as the enzymatic or nonenzymatic type. Indeed, we discussed the need for further in vitro studies to precisely characterize the biomarker that we are detecting. Biophotonic techniques frequently have difficulty in determining the precise biomolecular source of an observed signature due to the complex biochemical environment that exists in the tissue. As discussed in the article, we anticipate that the major component of the signal at the 1030-cm–1 and 1080-cm–1 wavenumbers are due to the production of advanced glycation end products by nonenzymatic glycosylation that occurs due to diabetes3Brownlee M. Vlassara H. Cerami A. Non-enzymatic glycosylation and the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.Ann Intern Med. 1984; 101: 527-537Crossref PubMed Scopus (911) Google Scholar, 4Brownlee M. Advanced protein glycosylation in diabetes and aging.Annu Rev Med. 1995; 46: 223-234Crossref PubMed Scopus (1145) Google Scholar; however, as we are not able to prove this definitively at this time, we avoided specifically reporting this. Infrared spectroscopic imaging for interrogating the carbohydrate biochemistry of diabetic nephropathy progressionKidney InternationalVol. 90Issue 1PreviewWe read with interest the article by Varma et al.1 on infrared imaging, which can identify biochemical alterations that precede morphologic changes in diabetic nephropathy. However, we were struck by the confusion between glycation (nonenzymatic reaction between glucose and lysine groups) and glycosylation (reaction in which a carbohydrate is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule). Glycation is a haphazard process that impairs functioning of biomolecules, whereas glycosylation occurs at defined sites on target molecules and is required in order for the molecule to function. Full-Text PDF Open ArchiveA label-free approach by infrared spectroscopic imaging for interrogating the biochemistry of diabetic nephropathy progressionKidney InternationalVol. 89Issue 5PreviewRoutine histology, the current gold standard, involves staining for specific biomolecules. However, untapped biochemical information in tissue can be gathered using biochemical imaging. Infrared spectroscopy is an emerging modality that allows label-free chemical imaging to derive biochemical information (such as protein, lipids, DNA, collagen) from tissues. Here we employed this technology in order to better predict the development of diabetic nephropathy. Using human primary kidney biopsies or nephrectomies, we obtained tissue from 4 histologically normal kidneys, 4 histologically normal kidneys from diabetic subjects, and 5 kidneys with evidence of diabetic nephropathy. Full-Text PDF Open Archive" @default.
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• W2912497699 date "2016-07-01" @default.
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• W2912497699 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2016.03.015" @default.
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