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- W2912515060 abstract "Metal and solvent free synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles and tetrasubstituted pyrazines from 1,2-diketones and aliphatic amines is studied experimentally and computationally. Various ionic liquids (ILs) are taken as a catalyst in 10 mol% for the reaction. The best conversion to products is achieved in the presence of two ILs: [taH4][I4] and[deaH][HSO4]. The low-cost, simple Brønsted acidic IL [deaH][HSO4] catalyzed reaction yields 75% PRO1(1-benzyl-2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole) and 18% PRO2 (2,3,5,6-tetraphenylpyrazine) at 90 °C in 1 h. Further optimization with the IL shows that the products yield can be tuned with changing parameters: time, catalyst loading, and temperature. Optimization shows that PRO2 formation becomes predominant after 3 h. Density functional calculations show that PRO1 formation occurs via condensation to diimine, and further C(sp3)–H activated cyclization stages. An unusual hydrogen shift transition state (∆G‡ = 29.8 kcal) has a crucial role in the ring closure and subsequent annulation to the five- and six-membered rings (PRO1, PRO2)." @default.
- W2912515060 created "2019-02-21" @default.
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- W2912515060 date "2019-04-01" @default.
- W2912515060 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2912515060 title "Experimental and computational study of metal-free Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyzed benzylic C(sp3) H bond activation and C N, C C cross couplings" @default.
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- W2912515060 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.035" @default.
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