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- W2912573270 abstract "Background: Indoor air pollution is a major risk factor, accounting for 4 percent of the global burden of disease, equivalent to tobacco. Women and young children of developing countries are at greatest risk. Aims: To evaluate the extent of indoor air pollution exposures in pregnant women at ten sites in nine low and middle income countries (LMICs). Methods: We conducted a multi-country, cross-sectional survey. A clinic-based sample of 7,961 pregnant women was enrolled in Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Guatemala, Uruguay, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, India and Pakistan. Data were collected by trained interviewers using a pre-tested questionnaire that included socio-economic and demographic variables, fuel used for cooking and heating, location of the kitchen, open flame or stove use, the pregnant woman’s smoking of tobacco products and individual and household second-hand tobacco smoke exposure. Results: Pregnant women from India and Pakistan commonly reported use of wood (49.1–89.7%), crop residue and animal dung as cooking and heating fuel. They also commonly reported cooking on an open flame inside the homes using solid fuel. Pregnant women from Africa reported higher use of charcoal (85.4–93.5%). On the other hand Latin American pregnant women had greater use of petroleum gas. There was a significant association between solid fuel use and allowing smoking within the home at the Asian sites and in Zambia (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We found a very high use of solid fuels for heating and cooking from a number of sites in LMICs and the additional large contribution to poor quality indoor air in those sites by high exposure to second- hand tobacco smoke. These findings call for more research about the combined effect of these indoor air pollution exposures on maternal and child health outcomes." @default.
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- W2912573270 date "2013-09-19" @default.
- W2912573270 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2912573270 title "Biomass fuel and second hand smoke exposure among pregnant women from low and middle income countries" @default.
- W2912573270 doi "https://doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.s-1-33-02" @default.
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