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• W2912697509 abstract "Gas generation in transformer oil is induced by electrical and thermal faults resulting from unfavorable operating conditions in transformers. Along with aged conditions of transformers, operating factors such as high temperature, strong electrical fields, electrical discharges, mechanical stresses, insulation damage and contaminants pose imminent risks of malfunctioning and irreversible damage to the transformers. Transformer monitoring methods based on dissolved gas analysis (DGA) have gained great significance and attention in order to ensure timely and accurate diagnostics of the electrical and thermal faults occurring in the transformers. Gases that act as fault indicators are hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, carbon monoxide and dioxide.The dissolved gas analysis (DGA) has been widely acknowledged as an effective and rather simple method for fault diagnostic of transformers. However the diagnostic of the faults by DGA directly depends on the knowledge about gas generation patterns produced by various types of faults. Moreover, the reliability of the diagnostic depends considerably on the techniques of gas-in-oil extraction and analysis as well as the procedures for oil sampling and storage.The undertaken experimental investigations were aimed at understanding the process of gas generation due to electrical or thermal faults in transformers and assessing the commercially available gas-in-oil measurement techniques in order to enhance the application of the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) method. For that purpose experiments were carried out by simulating electrical and thermal faults in laboratory setups equipped with DGA monitoring technique that allowed verification of gas generation pattern due to specific type of faults. Additionally, the effects of oil sampling and gas-in-oil measurement techniques as well as the diffusion flux of fault gases-in-oil on the results of DGA were also investigated.During these investigations four techniques for extraction of dissolved gases were evaluated. Results of gas-in-oil analysis revealed that an automated DGA monitoring system consisting of a vacuum extraction device and gas chromatography provides the most efficient extraction and precise concentrations of gases. It was observed that improper sampling and storage significantly decrease the hydrogen concentration. Exposure of oil samples to light and higher temperatures leads to generation of hydrogen due to faster oxidation rates. It was demonstrated that storage of oil samples in air-tight container, in darkness and constant ambient conditions can provide reliable gas-in-oil measurements for a storage period up to 16 days. The effect of ’stray gassing’ in oils, which is characterized by generation of hydrogen in high concentration, was also documented during the investigations. These observations point to the potential sources of errors in DGA.An extensive part of this research work was focused on constructing experimental setups to produce thermal and electrical faults as in the power transformers. The construction of a small scale setup (30 kV and 12 liter oil tank) and a large scale setup (100 kV and 600 liter oil tank) including oil tanks, oil circulation system, high voltage system, and control panel was accomplished with necessary details. The experimental setups allowed the simulation of electrical and thermal faults in transformers, under controlled parameters such as current, voltage, temperature and oil conditions. The small scale setup was used for simulating the partial discharges (PD) fault and hotspots (HS) faults of different temperatures in transformer oil. The setup allowed the investigations of the fault gas generation process by means of various commercially available DGA monitoring techniques.The large scale experimental setup, which includes oil tank, conservator tank as well as oil circulation and reconditioning system, provided an enhanced model of an air-breathing power transformer. It was also equipped with an automated system to control valves and pumping rates of oil circulation and reconditioning system, as it occurs in a power transformer for cooling purpose. The large scale setup was employed for simulating intense arcing discharge (AD) faults at high voltage levels. The gas concentrations obtained for the three types of faults (PD, HS and AD) were interpreted using the fault interpretation scheme CIGRE TF 15.01.01 (CIGRE interpretation scheme), which is one of the latest DGA interpretation schemes. The interpretations suggest that the CIGRE scheme provides inconsistent diagnostic of PD and HS faults; otherwise it seemed to be consistent in diagnosing AD faults. Based on the overall results it was concluded that the CIGRE scheme should be applied cautiously and additional factors must be considered for a reliable diagnostic. The graphical DGA interpretation method, so called gas generation pattern method, resulted to be sufficiently reliable at the diagnostics of PD, HS as well as AD faults. This method exhibits great potential to be utilized for fault diagnostics as a separate or in combination with the CIGRE scheme. The large scale setup was also used for investigating the continuous diffusion of fault gases from oil into the atmosphere via the air-breathing conservator tank. The investigations confirmed that the diffusion process has a strong oil circulation rates, especially for highly volatile fault gases, such as hydrogen." @default.
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• W2912697509 date "2014-08-08" @default.
• W2912697509 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2912697509 title "Experimental investigations on the dissolved gas analysis method (DGA) through simulation of electrical and thermal faults in transformer oil" @default.
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