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- W291275035 abstract "In 1930 Mary Hawkins encouraged by the progress Americans had made in the area of birth control despite great difficulties decided to establish a birth control clinic in Canada as an aid to married mothers. Hawkins had to work within the Canadian law which from 1892 to until as late as 1969 forbade the dissemination of birth control information or contraceptives unless they were the public good. Hawkins rested her case on this nebulous phrase. When she initially considered the establishment of a clinic Hawkins consulted Crown Attorney George Ballard who advised her to proceed. Despite this reassurance Hawkins proceeded cautiously. Her goal was to link the clinic with all that was respectable. Dr. Elizabeth Bagshaw was asked to be the clinics medical director. Bagshaw who had a well-established practice in Hamilton was interested in birth control because many of her patients were almost constantly pregnant. After a visit to the Sanger Clinic in New York Bagshaw agreed to join the clinic and she remained for 31 years. In an effort to give the clinic strong social and financial support Hawkins invited many influential women who were deeply involved in public service to a charter meeting in 1931. They were in a position to lend the clinic credibility favorable publicity and financial support yet the Birth Control Societys members ran into opposition very early. A unique Canadian objection was that Canada suffered from underpopulation in the early 1930s. The clinic was eventually opened on March 3 1932 and during its 1st year it went a long way toward gaining acceptance at least on the part of the many women who wanted to use it. There were over 390 patients in 1932 and by September 1933 the clinic had seen 600 women. Increasing demand prompted society members to divide Hamilton into districts and visiting volunteers made house calls. Public service organizations soon acknowledged that the clinic was meeting a demand that had been neglected previously. From its earliest days Society members actively solicited medical approval. With their successes and the new respectability of contraception as a form of prevention the clinic gained in popularity with many new medical graduates. The goal to have contraception controlled by doctors was going to be realized. Yet despite increasing acceptance the Hamilton Birth Control clinic was still illegal and this was the case until 1969." @default.
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- W291275035 date "1982-10-01" @default.
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- W291275035 title "'For the public good': early birth control clinics in Canada." @default.
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