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- W2912750711 abstract "Abstract Federal drugs of abuse testing were initiated in 1986 when President Ronald Reagan issued an Executive Order to test federal employees working in safety sensitive positions. Then National Institute for Drug Abuse (NIDA) mandated testing of five drugs (amphetamines, cocaine as benzoylecgonine, opiates, phencyclidine, and marijuana). Later Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) became responsible for mandating federal drug testing program. In 2015, SAMHSA added oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone testing. Commonly abused drugs in the United States include amphetamines, cocaine, benzodiazepines, opiates, and marijuana although various designer drugs including synthetic cannabinoids and amphetamine are gaining popularity. Majority of drugs of abuse testings are conducted using urine specimens. Initial screening is conducted using appropriate immunoassays at cutoff concentrations mandated by SAMHSA. However, in legal drug testing, initial screening positive specimens must be confirmed using a different analytical technique most commonly gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry using SAMHSA mandated confirmation cutoff because false positive test result may occur with immunoassay screening." @default.
- W2912750711 created "2019-02-21" @default.
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- W2912750711 date "2019-01-01" @default.
- W2912750711 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2912750711 title "Introduction to Drugs of Abuse" @default.
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- W2912750711 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815607-0.00006-x" @default.
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