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• W2912796785 abstract "The tail and paws of rodents are the chief target organs used in acute or chronic models of pain. But they are also involved in thermoregulation. Obviously, the behavioral nociceptive tests must be performed in stable conditions of thermoneutrality. In such conditions, however, one observes cyclic fluctuations of the vasomotricity of tail and paws. When, during a cycle, the central temperature is low enough, a sympathetic activation is triggered that elicits an increase of blood pressure, immediately followed by an increase of heart rate, and a vasoconstriction of the tail and paws. This produces a drop in heat loss that elicits an increase of the central temperature. Such an increase continues till the central temperature is sufficiently raised to activate the inverse phenomenon, which buckles the cycle. These variations do not exceed a few tenth of degree and are reiterated 3–7 times per hour. They are correlated to the firing of neurons of the rostral ventro-medial medulla (RVM), presumably controlling the spinal transmission of the nociceptive information. When the lower limit of central temperature of a cycle is reached, on-cells are inhibited, then the off-cells are activated concomitantly with the increase of blood pressure and heart rate. The vasoconstriction of the tail follows invariably within 3 min, often completed by a vasoconstriction of the paws. This results in the decrease of thermal loss, thus increasing the central temperature. When the central temperature increase reaches a few tenths of degrees, the inverse variations occur completing the cycle, itself repeated 3–7 times per hour. The activities of on- and off-cells are thus correlated to the inhibition and activation of the sympathetic system, respectively. The chronological order of the variations is as follows: central temperature → oncells→ off-cells→blood pressure→heart rate→skin temperature→ central temperature. A functional blockade of the RVMelicits the vasodilatation of tail and paws that increases their epidermic temperature. If one applies a nociceptive thermal stimulus to the skin of the animal at this very moment, then its reflex reaction time falls, an observation generally interpreted as resulting from hyperalgesia, but is actually a bias, secondary to the variation of the superficial temperature. The precise anatomical demarcation of the brain region involved in vasomotricity corresponds exactly to those containing the on- and off-cells, activated and inhibited by nociceptive stimulation, respectively, believed to control the spinal transmission of nociceptive messages. This role must be revalued in a larger framework including the autonomic nervous system." @default.
• W2912796785 created "2019-02-21" @default.
• W2912796785 creator A5044422917 @default.
• W2912796785 creator A5081633341 @default.
• W2912796785 date "2016-09-01" @default.
• W2912796785 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2912796785 title "Pain and thermoregulation. The rostral ventromedial medulla" @default.
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