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• W2912880133 abstract "The verbal, and non-verbal, communication of a foreign culture may appear remarkably strange. Apart from language, however, one may find many cross-cultural speech commonalities in the paralinguistic prosody, which conveys emotional and/or identity features via voice. In vocalisations of many mammals, prosodic features are actually also present, which are partly perceived by conspecific listeners. The synapomorphy of the vocal tract in all mammals provides a basis for interspecific comparative studies that may reveal a common ancestor of all mammalian species, for which the perception of the paralinguistic prosody may have already been present to some extent in vocal communication. The exploration of production, and perception, mechanisms of prosodic cues in mammals has therefore gained much interest in recent years. The question, to what extent the voice alone is sufficient to ensure the perception of prosodic cues by the perceiving animal is addressed by the present thesis, which focuses on the acoustic perception of identity and affect intensity by bats. Bats are excellent study objects due to their nocturnal lifestyle and the associated dependence on acoustic signals, as well as, from an evolutionary perspective, due to their phylogenetic position as outgroup for primates. In my thesis, I focus on the perception of social calls in the Indian False Vampire bat (Megaderma lyra), a socially living bat species, which shows a pronounced social call repertoire. The first part of my dissertation dealt with the question to what extent the identity of a known conspecific may be perceived via the voice and whether bats are able to discriminate between different individuals due to individual signatures, or whether they also recognise them spontaneously. In different playback experiments, bats were tested on their reactions to contact calls from different known, and unknown, conspecifics. The used playback stimuli consisted of contact call series which were recorded prior to experiments by separating bats and which had been analysed with respect to individual signatures. The study focused on the differentiation of two separate cognitive abilities, identity discrimination and identity recognition by voice. This difference had previously been neglected in similar studies. The experiments provided evidence for the ability of the animals to discriminate between individuals. This discrimination ability was explained by a model that was purely based on the acoustic dissimilarities between call stimuli of single individuals. Moreover, the results suggested identity recognition of known group members. The second part of the dissertation addressed the perception of affect intensity in two call types of the agonistic context. Differences in the call structure of both, aggression calls as well as response calls, reflect the affect intensity of the aggressive interaction between two bats. To study the discrimination ability, bats were habituated with aggression, or response, calls from agonistic interactions of either high, or low, intensity, and were tested with calls of the same call type, but with different affect intensity, in reciprocal habituation-dishabituation experiments. Bats did not show a categorisation of aggression calls by affect intensity as they tended to respond to any novel aggression call and appeared to habituate only to previously heard habituation stimuli, irrespective of affect intensity. In response call experiments, bats responded to calls of high affect intensity after habituation with calls of low affect intensity. However, they transferred habituation to calls of low affect intensity in the reciprocal experiment. The asymmetry in response behaviour is an evidence for an evaluation of affect intensity. In sum, both studies show that the Indian False Vampire bat is able to perceive prosodic cues from social calls, and to categorise them according to these cues, whereby the different response behaviour reflects different cognitive properties. Finally, categorisation abilities in these mammals are similar to those in humans, although the two taxa are evolutionary remote, suggesting a common basis for the processing of paralinguistic prosodic cues in mammals." @default.
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• W2912880133 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2912880133 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2912880133 title "Experiments on social call perception by bats" @default.
• W2912880133 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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