FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W291290358> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W291290358 startingPage "1187" @default.
• W291290358 abstract "The dispute over Canadian softwood lumber imports into the United States continued throughout 1993, spilling over into 1994. As in the 1992 Softwood Lumber disputes, the International Trade Commission (ITC) ruled that the U.S. softwood industry was being materially injured, following the U.S. Commerce Department's finding that Canada was subsidizing its softwood lumber industry. The Canadian parties immediately sought review by a binational dispute panel under the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The dispute rebounded between the binational panel and the International Trade Commission, creating significant discord between the two. I. Sypnosis of the Situation Canadian/U.S. lumber disputes have erupted intermittently for more than thirty years. Major periods of dispute occurred during 1961-62 and 1981-83, as well as the 1986 and 1991-94 cases discussed here.(1) U.S. concern with the domestic softwood lumber industry began in 1981.(2) Canadian softwood lumber producers' steadily increasing share of the U.S. softwood lumber market finally led to a dispute between the two countries on June 5, 1986, when the U.S. lumber industry filed a complaint seeking the imposition of a countervailing duty (CVD) on Canadian lumber exports.(3) The industry claimed that Canadian stumpage fees, paid by timber producers to compensate the provinces for access to and harvest of provincial timber,(4) Were artificially low and constituted a subsidy that benefited Canadian lumber producers. The U.S. lumber industry asserted that subsidized imports of Canadian lumber caused material injury. In response, in 1986 the United States Trade Representative (USTR) instituted a investigation concerning Canadian softwood, and the Commerce Department and the ITC began preliminary investigations to determine whether or not the U.S. softwood industry was being materially injured, or threatened with material injury from Canadian imports.(5) The ITC found that Canadian softwood lumber imports accounted for an increasing percentage of the U.S. market: nineteen percent in 1975, twenty-seven percent in 1981, twenty-nine percent in 1983, and thirty-two percent in 1986.(6) On October 22, 1986, following the ITC's affirmative preliminary injury determination, the Commerce Department issued a preliminary determination that subsidies of fifteen percent ad valorem were being provided to Canadian producers of certain softwood lumber products.(7) Before final determinations were issued in the resulting CVD investigation, however, Canada and the United States entered into a Memorandum 8 of Understanding (MOU) on December 30, 1986, and tensions seemed to be quelled. Under the MOU, the government of Canada agreed to impose a fifteen percent export charge on softwood lumber products exported to the United States. The MOU provided that the charge could be reduced or eliminated with respect to imports from provinces that instituted qualifying replacement measures.(9) In return, the domestic industry withdrew its petition and the Commerce Department terminated its investigation.(10) Although the MOU had no expiration date, it did state that either country could terminate the agreement with thirty days' notification.(11) Canada announced its intention to terminate the MOU on September 3, 1991, effective October 4, 1991.(12) Canada cited three reasons for the termination. First, Canada claimed, the MOU had served its purpose;(13) since the memorandum was signed in 1986, many Canadian provinces had adopted policies that increased the costs of resources used by the lumber industry.(14) Canada's second reason for termination was its claim that the Canadian government had no subsidy program for Canadian lumber producers.(15) Finally, Canada stated that the Canadian share of the U.S. softwood market was decreasing.(16) Termination of the agreement caused a predictable uproar. …" @default.
• W291290358 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W291290358 creator A5011242723 @default.
• W291290358 date "1994-03-22" @default.
• W291290358 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W291290358 title "Recent Developments in the U.S./Canada Softwood Lumber Dispute" @default.
• W291290358 hasPublicationYear "1994" @default.
• W291290358 type Work @default.
• W291290358 sameAs 291290358 @default.
• W291290358 citedByCount "2" @default.
• W291290358 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W291290358 hasAuthorship W291290358A5011242723 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C10138342 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C127413603 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C144133560 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C155202549 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C2776034101 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C34447519 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C48824518 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C528095902 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C83608634 @default.
• W291290358 hasConcept C84265765 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C10138342 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C127413603 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C144133560 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C155202549 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C162324750 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C2776034101 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C34447519 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C48824518 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C528095902 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C83608634 @default.
• W291290358 hasConceptScore W291290358C84265765 @default.
• W291290358 hasIssue "3" @default.
• W291290358 hasLocation W2912903581 @default.
• W291290358 hasOpenAccess W291290358 @default.
• W291290358 hasPrimaryLocation W2912903581 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W1557006962 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W1567158814 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W168163325 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W179715220 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W195843428 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W1968330901 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W1975329660 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W2070055274 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W2178539208 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W2321151798 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W2325421622 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W2494380196 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W275687534 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W295089276 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W2960504872 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W3140624852 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W3143945831 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W3152248933 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W948415336 @default.
• W291290358 hasRelatedWork W2336058732 @default.
• W291290358 hasVolume "25" @default.
• W291290358 isParatext "false" @default.
• W291290358 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W291290358 magId "291290358" @default.
• W291290358 workType "article" @default.