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• W2912954267 abstract "Amorcée à la fin des années 1950, la désinstitutionnalisation psychiatrique américaine a pour but de réinsérer les patients dans la communauté. Dans un contexte pénal répressif et du fait de changements de caps politiques, les personnes qui souffrent de troubles mentaux les plus sévères se retrouvent surreprésentées dans le système judiciaire. Dans les années 1990, le gouvernement se saisit de cette situation et développe des programmes de déjudiciarisation parmi lesquels les TSM sont majoritaires. S’adressant à des personnes accusées de délits ou de crimes et souffrant de troubles psychiatriques, il propose un programme de soins individualisé comme alternative à la peine de prison. Si le programme est mené à son terme, les charges sont abandonnées. Les objectifs sont multiples : réduire la surpopulation carcérale, améliorer la qualité de vie et l’intégration des participants dans la communauté mais aussi, diminuer les taux de récidive. Si des études montrent l’efficacité des TSM, certains auteurs insistent sur leurs limites. Ils estiment qu’une part de leur efficacité serait, en réalité, liée à une sélection trop restrictive parmi les candidats potentiels. Plus globalement, les TSM sont critiqués car ils ont été conçus pour remédier aux carences d’un système de santé qui nécessiterait d’être réformé car il n’offre plus de soins en amont du système judiciaire. The purpose of the article is to present what are Mental Health Courts (MHC) that were developed in the wake of the movement of deinstitutionalization in the United States. Literature review. Designed in the 1990s, MHC are a form of diversion based on the principle of therapeutic jurisprudence: this individualized care program offer an alternative to prison. Today, there are more than 400 in the United States. Even though their functioning varies according to the States, they rely on common theoretical principles. Overall, many studies show a decrease of recidivism for participants of MHC compared to those who did not participate while they were eligible, whether in the short, medium or long term. Studies also present high levels of procedural justice and low levels of perceived coercion. If the studies show the efficiency of the TSM, some actors insist on their limits. They consider that a part of their efficiency would, in fact rely on a too restrictive selection amongst the potential candidates. More generally, the TSM are criticized because they have been conceived to overcome the deficiencies of a health system that would need to be reformed because it doesn’t offer care upstream the judicial system. Several other aspects are discussed but also criticised, whether it is about the consent of the participants (what understanding of the programs and their juridicial foundation and, later on, which real part of volunteering in their commitment?) or about the dropping of charges, which are apparently not systematic in some States. MHC offer some promising leads but do not embody a solution to the complex problems found in the interface between mental care and justice." @default.
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• W2912954267 date "2019-11-01" @default.
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• W2912954267 title "Les tribunaux de santé mentale américains, un exemple de programme de déjudiciarisation" @default.
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• W2912954267 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2019.08.008" @default.
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