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- W2913092015 abstract "Background:Exposures to secondhand smoking (SHS) may cause significant adverse health effects. And there are only a few data on actual levels of tobacco smoke exposure in outdoor environments. Aims: This study was conducted to measure particles ?2.5 ?m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) in outdoor smoking areas of bars and sidewalks in downtown Athens, Georgia. Methods: A real-time SidePak AM510® Personal Air Monitor (TSI Inc., ST.Paul, MN) was used to monitor PM2.5 levels in outdoor smoking areas at six bars, indoor areas of three bars and three sidewalks, which had at least three bars, on two autumn weekend nights in Athens. Ten background locations were measured as control. Morover, present or passing smokers and number of cigarettes lit were counted for each sampling location. Results:PM2.5 levels were significantly higher in outdoor smoking areas of bars and sidewalks than levels at the background, and significantly and positively associated with the number of lit cigarettes (all p-values < .001). Only indoor levels of bar sites did not differ significantly from the control. Natural log-transformed PM2.5 (mg/m3) levels based on 30 s average raw data was 0.19±0.23 for outdoor smoking areas of the bars, 0.13±0.13 for the sidewalks, 0.09±0.04 for the indoor areas of the bars, and 0.03±0.03 for the backgrounds. There was a strong relationship between PM2.5 (mg/m3) concentrations and number of cigarette lit for the smoking locations (r2=0.73, p=0.005). The average level of PM2.5 with 50 lit cigarettes was 4.8 times greater than the average background level. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that SHS leads to significant increases in PM2.5 outside smoking areas of bars and sidewalks, which had at least three bars, at the summer weekend nights." @default.
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- W2913092015 date "2013-09-19" @default.
- W2913092015 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W2913092015 title "HOW PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED TO SECONDHAND SMOKING IN OUTDOOR SMOKING AREAS OF BARS AND SIDEWALKS IN ATHENS, GEORGIA" @default.
- W2913092015 doi "https://doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-3-11-18" @default.
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