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- W2914345135 abstract "This article considers first the question o f the circumstances in which criminal sanctions should be utilised in the enforcement of environmental law. Given the various shortcomings of criminal prosecution, it is suggested that criminal sanctions should be reserved for: -(i) cases where there is intentional wrongdoing; (ii) cases where there is persistent wrongdoing; and (iii) where an offender who has caused serious harm to people or to the environment. This conclusion leads to the question o f what mechanisms to use as alternatives to the criminal sanction. It is recommended that the state should make greater use of notices/directives, administrative monetary penalties, withdrawal o f authorisations, interdicts, and delictual measures. The use of civil penalties is not recommended for South Africa." @default.
- W2914345135 created "2019-02-21" @default.
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- W2914345135 date "2002-06-01" @default.
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- W2914345135 title "Alternatives to the criminal sanction in the enforcement of environmental law" @default.
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