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- W2914493274 abstract "This chapter describes the emergence of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy as a treatment for high-grade, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Comparisons with various intravesical chemotherapeutic regimens have consistently demonstrated BCG complete response rates of 55–65% for papillary Ta or T1 tumors and 70–75% for carcinoma in situ (CIS). The innate immune system is utilized by BCG, specifically the T-helper (Th)-1 cytokine pathway. The results of large, randomized trials have confirmed the importance of three-week BCG maintenance in intermediate- and high-risk patients and suggest that the use of BCG may improve both cancer-specific survival and progression-free survival. Patients may be refractory or resistant to treatment, or experience intolerance due to side effects; therefore, newer treatments involving other cytokines are being developed and utilized." @default.
- W2914493274 created "2019-02-21" @default.
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- W2914493274 creator A5006389573 @default.
- W2914493274 creator A5052301584 @default.
- W2914493274 creator A5081659119 @default.
- W2914493274 date "2015-08-28" @default.
- W2914493274 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2914493274 title "Intravesical immunotherapy" @default.
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- W2914493274 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118674826.ch7" @default.
- W2914493274 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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