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- W2915204420 abstract "Some 35,000 Jews lived in the East End of London in 1880, most of them in Aldgate, Whitechapel and Stepney. Within thirty years, largely as a result of a mass exodus from Eastern Europe, their numbers had grown to 120,000, a high percentage of whom were recent immigrants and many of whom were poor on arrival.1 This massive increase set daunting challenges for the Anglo Jewish leadership, not least in the matter of health care. In the nineteenth century, primary responsibility for social welfare lay with voluntary agencies, particularly in health, education and housing. It was phil? anthropists who made themselves mainly responsible for new hospitals, schools, universities and university colleges; and it was they who financed medical and scientific research and who funded libraries, museums, art galler? ies, public parks and urban housing experiments. Facilities provided by the State were largely supplementary to their efforts. Parliament followed, but rarely initiated social reform. It was only gradually appreciated that voluntary organizations could not provide the complete answer and that the State would have to involve itself. There were three stages in the process. In their earliest days, social services were almost always provided by privately funded and administered organiza? tions. Later, when the State saw that the service met a social need, it assisted with grant-in-aid on a temporary basis while the management remained in private hands. In education, for example, the Jews' Free School largely depended on Rothschild charity throughout the nineteenth century, and gov? ernment financial aid came slowly and only after pressure was applied. In the third stage, the State took over the service and operated it as a public enter" @default.
- W2915204420 created "2019-03-02" @default.
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- W2915204420 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2915204420 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2915204420 title "Health and medical care of the Jewish poor in the East End of London, 1880-1914" @default.
- W2915204420 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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