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- W2915672324 abstract "<italic>Bordetella pertussis</italic> causes whooping cough (pertussis), a severe and sometimes fatal respiratory infectious disease, especially in young infants. Pertussis can be prevented in infants and children by immunization with either whole-cell pertussis (wP) or acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines; however, its incidence is increasing in many countries despite high vaccine coverage. This resurgence in populations immunized with aP vaccines has been attributed to (1) genetic changes in circulating strains of <italic>B</italic>. <italic>pertussis</italic> resulting from vaccine-driven immune selection, (2) waning protective immunity due to poor induction of immunological memory, or (3) a failure of aP vaccines to induce the appropriate arm(s) of the cellular immune responses required to prevent infection. Studies in a baboon model have suggested that previous infection prevents reinfection as well as disease, whereas aP vaccines fail to prevent nasal colonization and transmission of <italic>B</italic>. <italic>pertussis</italic>. Studies in the mouse model have demonstrated that immunization with wP vaccines induces Th1 and Th17 responses, whereas aP vaccines promote Th2-skewed responses and high antibody titres. Thus, while aP vaccine-induced antibodies may prevent pertussis, they may not prevent nasal colonization or transmission. Emerging data have suggested that replacing alum with novel adjuvants based on pathogen-associated molecular patterns has the capacity to switch the responses induced with aP vaccines to the more protective Th1/Th17 responses and may also enhance immunological memory. It is likely that third-generation pertussis vaccines will be based on live attenuated bacteria or aP formulations with novel adjuvants, which prevent nasal and lung infection and induce sustained immunity through induction of memory T cells." @default.
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- W2915672324 date "2018-12-20" @default.
- W2915672324 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2915672324 title "The immunology of Bordetella pertussis infection and vaccination" @default.
- W2915672324 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811879.003.0003" @default.
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