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• W2915677048 abstract "The Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program conducted an investigation to assess the impacts of pinniped predation upon fall-run chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Klamath River Estuary from 8 August to 15 November 1999. Direct observations of surface feeding events by pinnipeds indicated that approximately 1,804 (1,570 2,038) adult (including grilse chinook and coho salmon) salmonids were consumed. Fall-run chinook was the primary species of prey, with an estimated 1,630 fish consumed, which was equivalent to 2.3% of the estimated fall chinook run. An estimated 63 coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon and 110 steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were consumed during the entire study period. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were the primary pinniped predator, accounting for 93.5% of the impacts on salmonids. Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) and Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were also observed feeding upon salmonids, accounting for approximately 5.3% and 1.2% respectively. The majority of prey captures (94.4%) were determined to be freeswimming fish that were not taken from recreational or tribal fishers. The remaining captures were taken from gill nets. Night observations indicated minimal pinniped presence or activity in the Klamath River Estuary. Most pinniped predation in the Klamath River Estuary occurred during daylight hours. Relationships linking increased predation with tidal cycle or time of day were indicated in several locations within the study area. Predation increased significantly during incoming low tide in areas 1 and 2, locations that were closest to the confluence with the ocean. Increased predation was noted to coincide with high tide in area 4, located directly upriver from area 2. At the furthest upriver locations, areas 5 and 6, significant relationships were found to exist between increased predation and time of day, with predation peaking during the early afternoon. Analysis of harbor seal scat collected in the Klamath River Estuary indicated that adult salmonids were present in 12.4% of scats collected during the study period. Analysis of California and Steller sea lion scats, collected twice from a sea lion haul out located approximately one mile north of the Klamath River, indicated that adult salmonids were present in 37.9% of scats." @default.
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• W2915677048 date "2001-01-01" @default.
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• W2915677048 title "An Assessment of Pinniped Predation Upon Fall-run Chinook Salmon in the Klamath River Estuary, CA, 1999" @default.
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