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• W2916653602 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 7First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces spadiceus on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) in Kentucky PreviousNext DISEASE NOTESFirst Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces spadiceus on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) in KentuckyD. Szarka, L. Tymon, B. Amsden, E. Dixon, J. Judy, and N. GauthierD. SzarkaDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYSearch for more papers by this author, L. TymonDepartment of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Northwestern Research and Extension Center, Mount Vernon, WASearch for more papers by this author, B. AmsdenDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYSearch for more papers by this author, E. DixonDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYSearch for more papers by this author, J. JudyDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYSearch for more papers by this author, and N. Gauthier†Corresponding author: N. Gauthier; E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-7246Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KYSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations D. Szarka1 L. Tymon2 B. Amsden1 E. Dixon1 J. Judy1 N. Gauthier1 † 1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 2Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Northwestern Research and Extension Center, Mount Vernon, WA Published Online:10 May 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-19-0049-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) was reintroduced to the United States as a pilot research program under the 2014 Farm Bill. By 2017, there were over 25,000 acres of industrial hemp in the United States, with Kentucky having the second highest acreage in the United States (https://www.votehemp.com/resources/publications/). Hemp is processed for fiber (4%), grain/seed (18%), and cannabidiol (CBD, 62%), and grosses $7.5M for Kentucky growers. Between 2014 and 2018, powdery mildew was observed in numerous greenhouses, in multiple locations, and on several varieties including but not limited to Cherry Wine, Endurance, Otto, proprietary CBD varieties, and fiber and grain breeding lines. Symptoms initially appeared as small, inconspicuous white patches on the adaxial side of leaves. Colonies expanded in size, often coalescing and infecting entire leaves and succulent stems. The disease spread readily to asymptomatic plants. Pathogenicity of three isolates collected from hemp specimens was confirmed through touch inoculation where conidia from infected leaves were pressed onto asymptomatic leaves. Inoculated plants were moist chambered for 48 h and maintained in the greenhouse. Symptoms appeared within 6 to 7 days, and morphological features were identical to the original; noninoculated control plants did not develop symptoms. Mycelia were amphigenous and occasionally caulicolous; hyphae were septate with septations 5 to 6 µm apart. Foot cells were cylindrical, measuring (42 to) 57 to 107 (to 120) µm × 9 to 11 µm, followed by one to two shorter cells. Conidiophores were hyaline, singular, and erect, measuring (80 to) 115 to 187 (to 209) µm in length, followed by two to three immature conidia forming a crenate outline. Conidia were catenescent and ellipsoid to ovoid, measuring (29 to) 30 to 39 (to 41) µm × (13 to) 15 to 20 (to 22) µm. Chasmothecia readily formed during autumn, were round and dark brown at maturity, measured (96 to) 109 to 138 (to 159) µm in diameter, and displayed nondescript myceloid appendages. Mature chasmothecia contained five to 15 ovoid-saccate asci, most with short stalks. Asci measured (52 to) 56 to 75 (to 78) µm × (25 to) 29 to 43 (to 50) µm, and each ascus contained two ovoid ascospores measuring (15 to) 18 to 27 (to 32) × (9 to) 11 to 18 (to 19) µm. Morphological characteristics were consistent with descriptions of Golovinomyces spadiceus except that foot cells from these isolates had a wider range of lengths compared with previous reports, 30 to 80 × 9 to 15 µm versus 42 to 116 × 9 to 11 µm (Braun and Cook 2012). Conidial measurements were similar but not identical to G. ambrosiae, which is reported to have a longer conidial length/width ratio (2.0) than G. spadiceus (1.5 to 2.0); these isolates had conidial length/width ratios consistent with G. spadiceus (Braun and Cook 2012). Identification was confirmed by sequencing the 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions with primers PM5G/NLP2 for the 3′ half of ITS and 28S and ITS5/PM6G for the 5′ half of ITS (Bradshaw et al. 2017). Sequence data were deposited into GenBank (MK305282). A GenBank BLAST search resulted in a 100% similarity to G. spadiceus (GenBank accession AB769427) and 97% similarity to G. asterum, G. orontii, and G. cichoracearum. The latter species were eliminated based on strong inconsistences in morphological comparisons. This species was determined to be G. spadiceus based on morphological features and sequence data. This determination is consistent with those of powdery mildew fungi collected from Cannabis in Canada (Pépin et al. 2018). All samples collected during this period were consistent; no other powdery mildew species was identified. This is the first documented report of G. spadiceus causing powdery mildew on hemp in the United States. With recent legalization of hemp in the United States, it is important to document the species and distribution of powdery mildew fungi affecting this crop.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Bradshaw, M., et al. 2017. Mycologia 41:600. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2017.1358136 Google ScholarBraun, U., and Cook, R. T. A. 2012. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews). CBS Biodiversity Series 11. CBS, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Google ScholarPépin, N., et al. 2018. Plant Dis. 102:2644. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-18-0586-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 7 July 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionApple cultivar Joya Cripps Red lesions caused by Colletotrichum fructicola (Nodet et al.). Photo credit: P. Nodet. Symptoms of Lotus powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe takamatsui (Zhou et al.). Photo credit: C. Liang. Symptoms of tar spot (Phyllachora maydis) on maize leaves (Dalla Lana et al.). Photo credit: F. Dalla Lana. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 20 Jun 2019Published: 10 May 2019First Look: 26 Feb 2019Accepted: 21 Feb 2019 Pages: 1773-1773 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsfungifield cropspathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byEfficacy of Organic Fungicides Against Hemp Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces ambrosiae in a Greenhouse in TennesseeRufus J. Akinrinlola and Zachariah R. Hansen13 June 2023 | Plant Disease, Vol. 107, No. 6Breeding of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa )23 December 2022First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces ambrosiae on Industrial Hemp in New JerseyNimmi Rajmohan, Dana C. Price, Richard J. Buckley, Stephen J. Komar, William J. Bamka, Eric A. Petit, Raul I. Cabrera, Thomas J. Gianfagna, James E. Simon, and Christian A. Wyenandt9 August 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 9Suppression of Hemp Powdery Mildew Using Root-Applied SiliconEd Dixon, Kimberly Leonberger, Bernadette Amsden, Desiree Szarka, Misbakhul Munir, Wooiklee Payee, Lawrence Datnoff, Brenda Tubana, and Nicole Gauthier19 August 2022 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 23, No. 3Prescreening of Biological and Biorational Fungicides Against Common Hemp Pathogens Using In Vitro AnalysesEd Dixon, Kimberly Leonberger, Desiree Szarka, Bernadette Amsden, Henry Smith, Matthew Krause, and Nicole Gauthier22 August 2022 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 23, No. 3Morphometric relationships and their contribution to biomass and cannabinoid yield in hybrids of hemp ( Cannabis sativa )21 July 2021 | Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 72, No. 22Limited effect of environmental stress on cannabinoid profiles in high‐cannabidiol hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.)28 July 2021 | GCB Bioenergy, Vol. 13, No. 10Genome-Wide Characterization of the MLO Gene Family in Cannabis sativa Reveals Two Genes as Strong Candidates for Powdery Mildew Susceptibility13 September 2021 | Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 12First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Golovinomyces ambrosiae on Cannabis sativa in OregonMichele S. Wiseman, Taylor A. Bates, Andrea R. Garfinkel, Cynthia M. Ocamb, and David H. Gent1 October 2021 | Plant Disease, Vol. 105, No. 9Discovery and Genetic Mapping of PM1, a Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Cannabis sativa L.27 August 2021 | Frontiers in Agronomy, Vol. 3Evaluation of disease management approaches for powdery mildew on Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana) plants3 December 2020 | Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 43, No. 3Management of Hop Powdery Mildew in the Context of Recent Advances in Pathogen Ecology and Population GeneticsWilliam A. Weldon, David H. Gent, and David M. Gadoury7 November 2021 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 22, No. 4First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera macularis on Hemp in OregonTaylor A. Bates, Mary H. Block, Michele S. Wiseman, Andrea R. Garfinkel, David H. Gent, and Cynthia M. Ocamb30 August 2021 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 22, No. 4Full Issue PDF30 December 2022 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 22, No. 4First Report of Golovinomyces spadiceus Causing Powdery Mildew on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) in OhioC. Farinas and F. Peduto Hand13 August 2020 | Plant Disease, Vol. 104, No. 10Molecular Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Fungal Pathogens on Bast Fiber Crops18 March 2020 | Pathogens, Vol. 9, No. 3Scientific Prospects for Cannabis-Microbiome Research to Ensure Quality and Safety of Products20 February 2020 | Microorganisms, Vol. 8, No. 2Cross-Infectivity of Powdery Mildew Isolates Originating from Hemp (Cannabis sativa) and Japanese Hop (Humulus japonicus) in New YorkWilliam A. Weldon, Maire R. Ullrich, Lawrence B. Smart, Christine D. Smart, and David M. Gadoury21 January 2020 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 21, No. 1Full Issue PDF26 August 2021 | Plant Health Progress, Vol. 21, No. 1" @default.
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