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- W2916879594 endingPage "964" @default.
- W2916879594 startingPage "964" @default.
- W2916879594 abstract "Acyl-CoA:glycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is an enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerol (TAG). The enzymes of mammalian species are classified into four isoforms; GPAT1 and GPAT2 are localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, whereas GPAT3 and GPAT4 are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The activity of each enzyme expressed is associated with physiological and pathological functions. The transcriptional regulation is well known, particularly in GPAT1. GPAT1 mRNA expression is mainly regulated by the binding of the transcriptional factor SREBP-1c to the specific element (the sterol regulatory element) flanking the GPAT1 promoter. The TAG level is controlled by the insulin-induced transcriptional expression of GPAT1, which occupies most of the GPAT activity in the liver. The transcriptional regulation of the other three GPAT isoforms remains undetermined in detail. It is predicted that retinoic acid serves as a transcription factor in the GPAT2 promoter. PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) increases the mRNA expression of GPAT3, which is associated with TAG synthesis in adipose tissues. Although GPAT has been considered to be a key enzyme in the production of TAG, unexpected functions have recently been reported, particularly in GPAT2. It is likely that GPAT2 is associated with tumorigenesis and normal spermatogenesis. In this review, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the four GPAT isoforms are described, alongside the transcriptional regulation of these enzymes." @default.
- W2916879594 created "2019-03-02" @default.
- W2916879594 creator A5009523207 @default.
- W2916879594 creator A5020819355 @default.
- W2916879594 creator A5047464293 @default.
- W2916879594 creator A5071203547 @default.
- W2916879594 date "2019-02-22" @default.
- W2916879594 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2916879594 title "Transcriptional Regulation of Acyl-CoA:Glycerol-sn-3-Phosphate Acyltransferases" @default.
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- W2916879594 doi "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040964" @default.
- W2916879594 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6412627" @default.