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• W2919093029 abstract "Purpose Clinical studies demonstrate that anemia increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Tissue hypoxia is an attractive but incompletely characterized candidate mechanism of anemia-induced organ injury. Physiological responses that optimize tissue oxygen delivery (nitric oxide synthase-NOS) and promote cellular adaptation to tissue hypoxia (hypoxia inducible factorHIF) may reduce the risk of hypoxic organ injury and thereby improve survival during anemia. The presence of vascular diseases would likely impair the efficacy of these physiological mechanisms, increasing the risk of anemiainduced organ injury. In all cases, biological signals that indicate the activation of these adaptive mechanisms could provide an early and treatable warning signal of impending anemia-induced organ injury. Thus, we review the evidence for tissue hypoxia during acute hemodilutional anemia and also explore the novel hypothesis that methemoglobin, a measurable byproduct of increased NOS-derived nitric oxide (NO), may serve as a biomarker for ‘‘anemic stress’’. Source Published peer-reviewed studies provided the main source of information. Data from experimental studies were reassessed to derive the relationship between hemodilution (reduced hemoglobin concentration) and increased methemoglobin levels. Principal findings Active physiological mechanisms (sympathetic nervous system) are required to maintain optimal tissue oxygen delivery during hemodilutional anemia. Despite these responses, tissue hypoxia occurs during acute hemodilution, as demonstrated by a decrease in tissue PO2 and an increase in hypoxic cellular responses (NOS, HIF). Optimal tissue oxygen delivery may be compromised further when cardiovascular responses are impaired. The positive correlation between decreased hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and an increase in methemoglobin levels in acutely anemic animals supports the" @default.
• W2919093029 created "2019-03-11" @default.
• W2919093029 creator A5023294229 @default.
• W2919093029 creator A5024665400 @default.
• W2919093029 creator A5037145405 @default.
• W2919093029 creator A5041840962 @default.
• W2919093029 creator A5069794610 @default.
• W2919093029 creator A5076616582 @default.
• W2919093029 creator A5081690407 @default.
• W2919093029 creator A5083913145 @default.
• W2919093029 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2919093029 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2919093029 title "Reassessing the risk of hemodilutional anemia: Some new pieces to an old puzzle Re ´-evaluation du risque de l'anemie provoquee par hemodilution: de nouvelles pieces s'ajoutent aun vieux casse-tete" @default.
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