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- W2920424809 abstract "The early 21st century food price shocks presented the first substantial test of a new era in international food governance. Leading into this period of crisis, the lines between what is ‘food’ and ‘not food’ became muddied and contested. As people took to the streets across much of the Global South to protest growing difficulty in accessing food, there was a global urgency to understand, and address, the causes of higher, more volatile prices. Amid various explanations, questions arose about the rise of industrial agrofuels and the influx of capital into agricultural derivatives markets in driving food price shocks.This thesis is theoretically grounded within interdisciplinary studies of global agri-food governance, specifically food regime analysis and adjacent work on the world food economy. It draws on constructions of crisis as a point where the rules, norms and contradictions of international agri-food market governance are destabilised and exposed. It views market rule-making as a central part of conversations surrounding access to food, territory, benefits of labour, knowledge and political autonomy.To date, no study of global agri-food governance has approached the rise of agrofuels and expanse of finance as parallel processes in how they resituate food governance and in terms of global market decisions largely taking place within national debates. Both these developments involve reimagining edible grains (and other food) as ‘fuel’ or ‘finance’. The consequence of this is to resituate food governance within new realms, of energy and finance, and thereby introducing new actors and interests into food decision-making. Such blurring of the boundaries between food and non-food raises questions about how food concerns could be understood, weighed and considered, or even pitted against energy or finance interests.Using a case study approach, this thesis examines two US public policy debates that took place during the period of higher, more volatile prices — taking a reference point of January 2006 as indicative of rising prices. Both policy debates represented opportunities to examine the energy and finance policies that restructured markets prior to the food price shocks. The case studies focus on specific policy instruments that were presented, at least by some, to respond to concerns surrounding food prices. These were: 1) Capping the use of corn-starch ethanol in the 2007 Renewable Fuel Standard to 15 billion gallons per year; and 2) Reinstating the authority of regulators to apply position limits in derivatives markets — to ensure that market prices reflected the physical supply and demand for food.The research asks:1. To what extent, if any, did the food price shocks feature in contemporary policy debates — including how these selected policies were understood or constructed discursively, politically and structurally?2. How does approaching the rise of agrofuels and expanse of finance as parallel processes that shift sites of food governance add to our understanding of crisis in the food regime?Drawing on ten original interviews, media analysis and documentary research, this thesis takes a relational approach to address these questions. That is, the truth it seeks is not a chronological account or a vertical deep dive. Instead, it focuses on interactions and relationships across different locales of power — the discursive, political and structural — as emphasised by Clapp and Fuchs (2009), and across complex parallel processes challenging how we understand and define food in market rule-making.This research concludes that defining, and redefining, food was central to how the food price shocks were considered in these policy debates. The first case study highlights how turning food into fuel was viewed as a way to address concerns about overproduction and ‘cheap food’. It also points to particular discourses which served to alleviate food price concerns. The second case study shows how anti-hunger advocates had to insert themselves into complex technical arguments surrounding finance, joining a pre-existing coalition focused on energy concerns. It highlights how debate pivoted on the extent to which financial actors could co-opt food as a means to offset risks in other parts of the financial market. Contextualised against literature on the 1970’s crisis period, these findings suggest that ‘making food’ is closely interconnected with ‘making markets’ in global agri-food rule-making. This potentially offers new insights into how we analyse, and understand, global food markets and the role of ontological understandings of food as a site of reification of, or resistance to, the food regime. This would see the question ‘what is food?’ become a central lens for examining change and crisis in agri-food market governance." @default.
- W2920424809 created "2019-03-11" @default.
- W2920424809 creator A5067165727 @default.
- W2920424809 date "2020-01-31" @default.
- W2920424809 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2920424809 title "What is food in the food regime?: remaking food and markets in a time of crisis" @default.
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- W2920424809 doi "https://doi.org/10.14264/uql.2020.68" @default.
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