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• W292222957 abstract "This study describes landowner values about water quality among resident landowners in the LaFlatte River watershed, tests whether suburbanization is producing a new mix of social values, analyzes the relationship between values and behaviors, and explores the link between recreation and water quality advocacy. Results showed that residents hold pro-environmental values, although the region is not a stronghold of environmentalism. There was a clear flatlander effect, with newcomers holding more pro-environmental values than long term residents. Long term residents used their land more intensively than newcomers. There was a weak relationship between values and land use behaviors, although long-term residents showed more consistency between values and behaviors. Finally, recreational preference was not related to one's values about clean water. increasing suburbanization in the Burlington vicinity as population growth in surrounding rural areas outpaces growth in the urban center. This change has not occurred in an environment of public consensus, however (see, for example, the Pine Street Barge Canal controversy; Burlington Free Press, 1995, 1996). One way of understanding public controversy is by analyzing the matrix of social values among stakeholders in water quality policy (Stankey & Clark, 1991). Many observers point to fundamental shifts in the values of society as the cause of emergent conflicts over natural resource use (Brooks and Grant 1992, Salwasser 1990, Williams 1991). Controversy can arise when different constituencies value amenities like water quality differently. Anglers may desire restrictions on agricultural runoff because they value clear water that favors lake trout, whereas farmers may resent such restrictions because they value productivity and profitability more than water clarity. Similarly, birders may value a productive wetland for wildlife habitat, while some local residents may fill wet areas on their property because they value an insect-free yard. In a society that encourages and enables litigation over environmental policy, divergent social values can produce controversies where public debate is more contentious and compromise is more difficult. Understanding these divergent social values may help to smooth the policy making process. Water quality is an issue of widespread public concern in the Lake Champlain Basin of Vermont and Upstate New York. Ecologists, anglers, environmentalists, boaters, community officials, and other stakeholders want to improve the quality of fishing, drinking water, and recreational opportunities on the Lake. Water quality has traditionally been the domain of ecologists who treat human activity as an exogenous variable, and who focus on how people affect the integrity of natural systems. Less research, however, has analyzed the collective social processes that are linked to individual land uses that may affect water quality. This paper explores the relationship between the social values of landowners in the LaPlatte River watershed in Vermont and their land-use behaviors that may affect wetlands in the watershed and water quality in Lake Champlain. Further, no research has explored how contemporary recreational constituencies among residents in the region may influence the campaign for clean water in the Lake Champlain basin. This paper therefore explores whether social change in the LaPlatte River watershed may produce new recreational constituencies who are stronger advocates of clean water in the Lake Champlain basin. Why Social Values? Values and Social Conflict Clean water in the Lake Champlain basin is a recreational amenity that has been an ongoing challenge as the region experiences social change. In the Burlington, Vermont region, large industries historically located on the waterfront have given way to green-space development and service sector development. Agriculture is giving way to The Flatlander Effect One factor closely associated with suburbanization is the flatlander effect. As in most regions of the country, those who claim the native label do so with pride. Their lineage that goes back several generations often makes them community leaders and gives them tacit authority to define the meaning and the character of the place. Newcomers to these places are often labeled outsiders, or flatlanders in Vermont. They bring new ideas and points of view that may or may not be compatible with local values. In other words, they bring a new mix of social values into communities with established routines and institutions. The LaPlatte River watershed is a particularly appropriate site to study values and value conflict. It is a traditional agricultural region undergoing significant suburbanization pressure from nearby Burlington, Vermont the largest metropolitan area in the state and region. Additionally, real estate in parts of this watershed has become some of the most expensive in the state. The watershed may be attracting the professional baby-boomer in the height of careers and earning power. The area may also be attracting a generation of newcomers whose land-use values were prompted by the environmental movement of the last 25 years. Values and Behavior If the mix of landowner values in the LaPlatte River watershed is changing because of an influx of flatlanders who are expanding the boundaries of Burlington's suburbs, are prevalent land-use behaviors in the watershed also changing? That is, do certain social values produce certain kinds of behaviors that may affect water quality in the watershed and in Lake Champlain? This paper explores the relationship between landowner values and their intensity of land use behaviors (lawn and garden, woods, wetlands, and agricultural) that may affect water quality in the watershed. This causal relationship between values and behaviors may be problematic. Lapiere's study of racial attitudes and behaviors, which showed no correlation between attitudes and behaviors (Lapiere, 1934), set in motion 60 years of attitudelbehavior research. Overall, the attitude literature includes two theoretical traditions that help explain the attitude1 behavior relationship. First is cognitive structure of attitudes. Attitudes are not simply isolated information bites stored in people's heads, and mechanically accessed to direct behavior. Instead, attitudes are a complex cognitive mix of values, beliefs, emotions, preferences, and intention (Heberlein, 198 1 ; Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975). Attitudes with more elaborate cognitive structure are better crystallized (Sherif & Hoveland, 1961 ), more accessible, and more behaviorally relevant (Fazio, Chen, McDonel, & Sherman, 1982). Second is attitude specificity. General attitudes are poor predictors of specific behaviors (Heberlein & Black, 1976). For example, one may hold an attitude that ozone depletion is a serious problem facing the world, but this attitude may not cause that individual to drive his or her car less and take public transportation" @default.
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• W292222957 date "1998-01-01" @default.
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• W292222957 title "Landowner values, water quality, and recreation in the Lake Champlain Basin" @default.
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