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• W292388097 abstract "Caucasian by default White on Arrival: Italians, Race, Color, and Vower in Chicago, 1890-1945 By Thomas A. Guglielmo Oxford University Press, 2003 296 pages, 10 halftones, maps, and line drawings Cloth $45.00; Paper $21.95 White on Arrival: Italians, Race, Color, and Power in Chicago, 1900 -1945, is an important book. Indeed, as the winner ol the prestigious 2004 Frederick Jackson Turner Award, professional historians have deemed it such. Yet Thomas Guglielmo's central arguments deserve a much broader reading, well beyond the academic circles and into the national dialogue about identity, race, ethnicity, and color. Guglielmo, an assistant professor of American Studies at the University of Notre Dame, argues-beginning with his very title-that Italian immigrants were on arrival to the United States. In doing so, he builds his case on recent studies about race, immigration, and whiteness. But Guglielmo disagrees with several recent studies that argue Europeans arrived in America as inbetween people whose status conferred upon them an identity neither fully black nor fully white. Guglielmo's challenge to this position does not lack nuance; nor is he a Pollyanna who dismisses the difficulties of Italian immigrants. Rather, he argues that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Americans distinguished between race and color. Significantly, the federal government's applications for naturalization asked immigrants to fill in both their race and their color. For Italians their race was either North or South Italian and their color was always white. With that distinction in mind, Guglielmo points out that Italians might have been undesirables to many American citizens, but they were undesirables who were white. Indentity is a tricky thing and it is important to acknowledge that Italian Americans saw themselves in a different light. Though labeled white, until World War II Italians did not identify closely with their whiteness; instead they were much more likely to emphasize their racial identity as Italian or from a specific region of Italy. Guglielmo believes that being white conferred privilege and that Italian Americans enjoyed the privilege of being white. In fact, Guglielmo maintains that for Italian immigrants trying tu make it in America, whiteness was their most prized possession; it was what allowed them to he accepted relatively easily in Chicago compared to African Americans, who made their way north during the Great Migration. Being white meant that Italians held a higher position in the hierarchy that defined the Second City's social system, and significantly, allowed them greater access to the largesse offered by government. Without a color harrier, Italian Americans whiteness Opened the Golden Door to a successful acculturation process, Guglielmo asserts. …" @default.
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• W292388097 date "2004-09-01" @default.
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• W292388097 title "Caucasian by Default" @default.
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