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- W2936210600 endingPage "194" @default.
- W2936210600 startingPage "145" @default.
- W2936210600 abstract "Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have had limited efficacy, especially with late stage cancers. Cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy have revolutionized how cancer is treated, especially in patients with late stage disease. In 2013 cancer immunotherapy was named the breakthrough of the year, partially due to the established efficacy of blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1, both T cell co-inhibitory molecules involved in tumor-induced immunosuppression. Though early trials promised success, toxicity and tolerance to immunotherapy have hindered long-term successes. Optimizing the use of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways has the potential to increase the effectiveness of T cell-mediated antitumor immune response, leading to increased efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. This review will address major T cell co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways and the role they play in regulating immune responses during cancer development and treatment." @default.
- W2936210600 created "2019-04-25" @default.
- W2936210600 creator A5023698900 @default.
- W2936210600 creator A5073226720 @default.
- W2936210600 date "2019-01-01" @default.
- W2936210600 modified "2023-10-07" @default.
- W2936210600 title "Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways in cancer immunotherapy" @default.
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