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• W293630990 abstract "EFFECTS OF WEB VARIATION ON PREY CAPTURE IN TANGAROA TAHITIENSIS (ARANEAE:ULOBORIDAE) SPIDERS AND THE INFLUENCE OF SUSBTRATE, SPIDER SIZE, AND MATERNAL STATE ON WEB CHARACTERISTICS Q I L IEW Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA Abstract. Intraspecific variation in web design has been increasingly recognized as an important aspect of spider ecology and behavior. Why intraspecific variation occurs and how it could affect different individuals' foraging or reproductive strategies remains a complex set of interactions which we are still far from fully understanding. In this study, I first show that web variation affects foraging success in Tangaroa tahitiensis spiders by using field measurements to demonstrate that number of attachment points and whether the web was exposed or slanted were correlated to prey capture success. In addition, I found that a combination of diameter, number of attachment points and whether the web was exposed best predicted prey capture success. I further show that variability is largely explained by the spider’s foraging and reproductive needs, and structural constraints of the substrate did not significantly limit these pursuits. Larger spiders build webs with characteristics which are ideal for prey capture, while mother spiders build webs which are more sheltered. Overall, my findings suggest that although certain web characteristics are better for prey capture, web variation in T. tahitiensis spiders persists due to different foraging and reproductive strategies by individuals of different sizes and reproductive states. Key words: arthropods; orb-web; Mo’orea, French Polynesia; intraspecific variation; predation; foraging strategy; reproduction I NTRODUCTION Early predator-prey population models have treated individuals in the same populations as ecologically and behaviorally homogenous (Lomnicki 1988, Kingsland 1995). However, differences among individuals of the same species occur, despite higher genetic similarity within a species than across different species (Lomnicki 1988). Therefore, conclusions about the characteristics of individuals cannot be based purely on observations of entire groups, and vice versa (Martin and Kraemer 1987). Why intraspecific variation occurs and how it could affect different individuals' foraging or reproductive strategies are thus important questions to be asked in order to better understand the ecology and behavior of a species; an important step to take before understanding interactions between species. Spider webs are easily measured and quantified as products of different resource- use strategies (Blackledge and Gillespie 2004). The main function of a spider web is to detect and capture prey (Shear 1986), but some webs also provide other functions such as reproduction (Shear 1986, Sherman 1994) and protection from predators (Blackledge and Wenzel 2001, Li and Lee 2004). In the past, it was assumed that meaningful variation of the orb-web only existed across different species (Heiling and Herberstein 2000). Recently, more studies have recognized that modifications in web characteristics within a species can affect prey capture (Uetz et al. 1978, Chacon and Eberhard 1980) and spiders may intentionally vary their webs in order to maximize foraging success (Sherman 1994). However, even though certain web characteristics are more advantageous for prey capture, the presence of web variation" @default.
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• W293630990 date "2011-12-12" @default.
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• W293630990 title "Effects of Web Variation on Prey Capture in Tangaroa tahitiensis spiders (Araneae:Uloboridae) and the Influence of Substrate, Spider Size, and Maternal State on Web Characteristics" @default.
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