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• W293663609 abstract "THE FOLLOWING ESSAY originated as a lecture delivered before the History of Ideas Club in the Johns Hopkins University in 1953. Professors Bentley Glass and Owsei Temkin were then meditating a centennial commemoration of Darwin's Origin of Species (1859). Genesis and Geology ( 1951 ) had come to their attention, and I was greatly honored to be invited to give a talk in a series looking to the publication of a suitable volume on Darwin's forerunners. As I have mentioned in the opening autobiographical memoir, Arthur O. Lovejoy's classic The Great Chain of Being (1936) was one of the few works known to my generation that exemplified the possibility of treating, albeit a bit peripherally, the development of scientific thought as intellectual history. More than that, Lovejoy, a philosopher professionally, founded not only the Journal of the History of Ideas, but the very practice of intellectual history as a modern discipline. The privilege of speaking before the famous History of Ideas Club, which Lovejoy also founded, was compounded by his presence. He could not have been kinder or more encouraging to a beginner while at the same time participating actively in the discussion and offering cogent criticism. It might be supposed that choosing as the subject was the first step in shifting from the study of English to French scientific topics. It may indeed have anticipated that change of focus, but not, as well as I can recall, intentionally. It was simply that was the most famous of Darwin's forerunners, and I thought I would try to find out what he actually did. As is my wont, I began by reading, not the secondary literature, but all of his books. To my surprise, it turned out that his commitment to what he and the French later called transformisme began not with zoology or natural history more largely, but with chemistry. When I then looked through writings about Lamarck, it did not appear that others had noticed that in later times. It may be that few people had ever read Lamarck's early writings, which in modern (though not contemporary) eyes are very peculiar indeed. However that may be, the findings seemed worth publishing, and here they are. Meanwhile Professor Glass was selecting papers delivered before the History of Ideas Club and combining them with other pertinent memoirs for publication in the long-planned commemoration of the Darwin centennial. My contribution, Lamarck and Darwin in the history of science, draws on the gist of the paper below in order to strike a contrast between the Lamarckian and Darwinian theories of evolution.1 Reading it over, I doubt that the state of Darwin scholarship needed me even then, and by now the contrast would be self-evident. Not all modern scholars agree with my sense of Lamarck's proper place in the history of evolutionary thought.2 But no one, so far as I know, has questioned the basic point of this article, which is the role of Lamarck's theories of chemistry in the genesis of his theory of evolution. Notes 1. Forerunners of Darwin: 1745-1859, .d. Bentley Glass, Owsei Temkin, William L. Strauss, Jr. (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1959), pp. 265-291. 2. The standard works are Richard W. Burkhardt, The Spirit of System: and Evolutionary Biology (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press) 1977, and Pietro Corsi, The Age of Lamarck: Evolutionary Theories in France, 1790-1830. (Berkeley: University of California Press), 1988. THREE The Formation of Lamarck's Evolutionary Theory* occupies an unenviable position in the history of science. He is a truly outstanding figure. But a certain ambiguity hangs about the merit of his achievement, arising from an apparent oscillation of his career between poles of futility and pathos. The futility is that of any victim of a plot, however fortunate the outcome-for the outcome was to turn him into what his generation considered a distinguished scientist, not perhaps against his will, but certainly against his inclination. …" @default.
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• W293663609 title "The Formation of Lamarck's Evolutionary Theory" @default.
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